Tailored Management with Highly-Selective Diversion for Low Colorectal Anastomosis: Biochemical Postoperative Follow-Up and Long-Term Results from a Single-Institution Cohort.

Background: Defunctioning stoma (DS) can decrease the rate of symptomatic anastomotic leakage (AL). Since 2010, we have used tailored, highly selective DS management for low colorectal anastomosis (LCRA).

Methods: In total, 433 rectal cancer patients underwent the same standardized procedure.

Insulin treatment stimulates the rat melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons.

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is involved in the regulation of body colour in teleost fish. A peptide highly homologous to salmon MCH has been found in the rat brain, but its physiological functions have not yet been precisely defined. The location of MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHT) of the rat suggests possible implication in feeding behaviour.

Activation of the rat melanin-concentrating hormone neurons by ventromedial hypothalamic lesions.

The occurrence of a melanin-concentrating hormone-like peptide (MCH) was previously reported in the lateral hypothalamus of the rat. The sequence of this peptide was determined but its role as well as its regulation remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of minor electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial nuclei (VMN) on MCH neurons by using immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization procedures.

Induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat oxytocin neurons following insulin injections.

Double immunostaining for oxytocin (OT) and Fos was used to study the oxytocinergic system of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) following intraperitoneal insulin injections. The expression of c-fos in the PVN appeared about 3 h after insulin treatment and was very high after 5 h while no labelling was observed in isotonic saline-injected animals. Twelve to 18% of OT neurons expressed Fos-like immunoreactivity and these activated neurons were found in both the magno- and the parvocellular compartments of the PVN suggesting that the OT neuron responses to insulin induced disturbances are complex and involve hormonal as well as autonomic pathways.

Melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons in reptiles.

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-like producing neurons were mapped in the brains of several reptiles using antisera (AS) prepared against salmon MCH (sMCH) and peptides derived from the rat MCH precursor (rMCH, NGE, NEI) or cross-reacting with these peptides (anti-GRF37 and anti-alpha-MSH). MCH neurons were detected in the periventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. The coexpression of MCH-, GRF37- and NEI-like immunoreactivities suggests that the reptile precursor presents large sequence homologies with the rat/human precursor.

Induction of Fos-immunoreactivity in prolactin-like containing neurons of the rat lateral hypothalamus after insulin treatment.

The role of the lateral hypothalamus (LHT) in the regulation of feeding behavior has long been established. The major contribution of LHT glucose-sensitive neurons, activated by low glucose concentration, is well accepted. Two peptidergic neuron populations, whose perikarya are exclusively located within this area, have been recently described.

Prolactin immunoreactive neurons of the rat lateral hypothalamus: immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies.

A population of neurons immunoreactive to an antiserum (AS) raised against ovine prolactin (LHPLI neurons) was previously described in the rat perifornical areas and lateral hypothalamus. In the present paper, we demonstrate by complementary immunocytochemical studies using AS to various biologically active peptides or neurotransmitters that these neurons are also detected by AS to bradykinin and to dynorphin B. Electron microscope examination shows that the LHPLI neurons are peptidergic neurons synthesizing apparently only one type of secretory granules.

Evidence for the expression of dynorphin gene in the prolactin-immunoreactive neurons of the rat lateral hypothalamus.

Dynorphin B (DYN B) immunoreactivity was recently reported in a population of prolactin (PRL)-immunoreactive neurons of the rat lateral hypothalamus (LH). By coupling immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization using two synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to DYN mRNA, a hybridization signal was observed over the neurons of the LH exhibiting both DYN- and PRL-like immunoreactivities. Our results clearly demonstrate that these neurons contain the mRNA encoding preproDYN and are able to synthesize authentic DYN B in colocalization with a peptide related to PRL.

Diffusible factors from rat arcuate nucleus and Broca's diagonal band nucleus increase size and neurite outgrowth, respectively, of cultured melanin-concentrating hormone containing neurons.

Using a co-culture model, we showed that diffusible factors from arcuate nucleus (AN) specifically increased the number and the size of hypothalamic neurons producing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). In this model neurite outgrowth and contacts between MCH neurons and dopaminergic neurons were also prominently increased, as compared to control lateral areas of the posterior hypothalamus (LH) primary cultures. These effects were mediated in part by AN glia but also by neurons of both fetal and adult AN.

Colocalization of prolactin- and dynorphin-like substances in a neuronal population of the rat lateral hypothalamus.

Using an antiserum (AS) raised against dynorphin B (DYN B), we revealed immunoreactive neurons in different nuclei of the rat hypothalamus as well as a population of neurons scattered in the lateral areas of the posterior hypothalamus. This population corresponds to that previously shown to be specifically recognized by an ovine prolactin (PRL) AS. Our results suggest that in these neurons, DYN B and PRL AS reacted with different epitopes and that these epitopes could be carried by distinct unidentified peptides.

Immunoreactivities for antisera to three putative neuropeptides of the rat melanin-concentrating hormone precursor are coexpressed in neurons of the rat lateral dorsal hypothalamus.

Antisera (AS) raised against rat melanin-concentrating hormone (rMCH) and against two additional peptides sequences derived from the rat MCH precursor (neuropeptide glutamic acid-isoleucineamide (NEI), and neuropeptide glycine-glutamic acid (NGE)) exclusively stained the hypothalamic neurons previously described using AS to salmon MCH, human somatocrinin 1-37 (GRF37) and alpha-MSH. Liquid phase and dot-blot controls for specificity indicated that rMCH-, NEI- and NGE-AS bound epitopes recognized by sMCH-, alpha-MSH- and GRF-37-AS, respectively. The distinct intracellular patterns of immunoreactivity obtained in control animals with rMCH-, NGE- and NEI-AS, as well as the changes observed after intracerebroventricular injection of colchicine matched previous findings using sMCH-, GRF37- and alpha-MSH-AS.

A simple method for coupling in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry: application to the study of peptidergic neurons.

We have devised a simple procedure for immunostaining of sections that have previously undergone autoradiographic visualization of mRNAs by in situ hybridization. Classical hybridocytochemistry techniques were performed first on cryostat sections of formaldehyde-fixed tissue. Standard methods were used for slide coating by emulsion dipping and for revelation, fixation, and coverslipping steps.

[Organotypic culture of human corneal epithelium. Preliminary results].

The authors compared the growth of limbal and central explants removed from human cornea. Epithelial growth began on the third day, was greater during the first week and was subsequently slightly invaded by fibroblasts. This study demonstrated that peripheral corneal epithelial cells growth better than central cells.

Expression of peptides derived from the melanin-concentrating hormone precursor in serum-free culture of rat fetal hypothalamic neurons: role of attachment factors.

A serum-free medium culture was developed in order to study the secretory behavior of neurons producing the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) precursor. The present results show that our culture conditions (supplemented RPMI 1640, poly-D-lysine substrate) are efficient in promoting attachment and growth of MCH neurons dissociated from rat fetal hypothalamus. These neurons acquire a differentiation stage in which neuropeptides of interest to us are expressed in a pattern similar to that observed on tissue sections: (1) coexpression of salmon MCH, growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF37), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and acetylcholinesterase immunoreactivities, and (2) different intracellular distribution of salmon MCH and 1-37 sequence of GRF37 staining.

[Effect of colchicine on vasopressin and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons of rat hypothalamus: hybridocytochemistry and immunocytochemistry studies].

48 hrs. after an intra-cerebroventricular injection of colchicine (100 micrograms), antisera to three putative peptides included in the rat melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) precursor, strongly stained the secretory granules accumulated in perikarya. In control rats, these antisera stained endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, or neurosecretory granules respectively.

Cloning of cDNAs encoding a rat neuropeptide immunologically related to salmon melanin-concentrating hormone.

In order to identify the neuropeptide related to melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) synthetized by neurons of the posterior hypothalamus in the mammals, we have screened rat hypothalamus and rat brain cDNA expression libraries using MCH antiserum. We isolated 5 distinct immunopositive recombinants with cross-hybridizing cDNA inserts. One of them hybridized to RNAs exclusively located in neurons stained by the same antiserum, as seen by successively performing in situ hybridization and then an immunocytochemical technique on the same section.

Human hypothalamic neuronal system revealed with a salmon melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) antiserum.

An antiserum raised against synthetic salmon melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) reveals an extensive neuronal system in the posterior lateral areas of the human hypothalamus. These neurons correspond to those previously described in the rat, which are characterized by expression of MCH-like, alpha-melanotropin-like and human growth hormone-releasing factor (1-37)-like immunoreactivities.

Coexistence of acetylcholinesterase-, human growth hormone-releasing factor(1-37)-, alpha-melanotropin- and melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivities in neurons of the rat hypothalamus: a light and electron microscope study.

Using an antiserum (AS) raised against rat cerebral acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we revealed a neuron population in lateral and dorsal areas of the posterior rat hypothalamus. These neurons were previously described using antibodies to human growth hormone-releasing factor(1-37) (GRF-37), alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). Different intracytoplasmic distributions of the immunodeposits were observed depending on the used serum.

[Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA of common precursors of three hypothalamic neuropeptides immunologically related to human somatocrinin 1-37, alpha melanotropin and salmon melanin-concentrating hormone].

We have cloned and sequenced DNAs complementary to the mRNA encoding the precursor of the rat melanin-concentrating hormone. This allowed us to elucidate the primary structure of the 96 C-terminal residues of this precursor. It contains three possible sites for enzymatic cleavage enabling the generation of MCH and of two additional neuropeptides.

[Cloning of the cDNA, while encoding a hypothalamic neuropeptide in the rat, related to the melanin-concentrating hormone in the salmon].

In order to identify the neuropeptide related to salmon melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) synthetized by neurons of the posterior hypothalamus in the mammals, we have screened rat hypothalamus and rat brain cDNA expression libraries using MCH antiserum. Five recombinants were isolated, which cDNAs were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. One of them hybridized to RNAs exclusively located in hypothalamic neurons stained by the same antiserum, as seen by performing in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques on the same section.

[Specific hybridization of a synthetic oligonucleotide in rat hypothalamic neurons immunoreactive to immune serum against salmon melanin-concentrating hormone].

An oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the 9 C-terminal residues encoded by a complementary DNA of a rat peptide related to salmon melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) was synthetized. It specifically hybridized to the neurons stained by antisera to MCH in the rat posterior hypothalamus, as seen by coupling in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical methods. This result validates our sequence determination.

Growth hormone-deficient dwarfism in the rat: a new mutation.

Mutations in animals have provided insight into many aspects of normal and pathological human physiology. This paper reports the discovery and initial characterization of a new mutant dwarf rat. The mutation, inherited as an autosomal recessive, arose spontaneously in a breeding colony of Lewis rats at the Medical Research Council Cellular Immunology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, U.

Human corticoliberin hypothalamic neuroglandular system: comparative immunocytochemical study with anti-rat and anti-ovine corticotropin-releasing factor sera in the early stages of development.

Development of the paraventriculo-infundibular corticoliberin system was studied by immunocytochemical analysis of human hypothalamic sections using antisera raised against rat or ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). This comparative study confirms the presence of a significant number of CRF-immunoreactive fibers in the median eminence during the 16th week of fetal development and suggests they may appear as early as the 14th week. Some hypothalamic peri- and paraventricular neurons, observed from the 12th week, are rat-CRF-immunoreactive but not ovine CRF-immunoreactive.

Unrelated peptide immunoreactivities coexist in neurons of the rat lateral dorsal hypothalamus: human growth hormone-releasing factor1-37-, salmon melanin-concentrating hormone- and alpha-melanotropin-like substances.

Antisera raised against 3 unrelated synthetic neuropeptides - salmon melanin-concentrating hormone, human growth hormone-releasing factor1-37, and alpha-melanotropin - stained the same extensive neuron population in lateral and dorsal areas of the posterior hypothalamus. Controls for specificity have shown that these 3 antisera bind 3 different epitopes. Differences in intracellular staining patterns suggest that these epitopes could be borne by distinct peptides.