Tryptophan Metabolites in the Progression of Liver Diseases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of various tryptophan metabolites in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) at different stages of the disease. The present study included 44 patients diagnosed with MAFLD, 40 patients diagnosed with ALD, and 14 healthy individuals in the control group. The levels of tryptophan and its 16 metabolites (3-OH anthranilic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-methoxytryptamine, 6-hydroxymelatonin, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, kynurenic acid, kynurenine, melatonin, quinolinic acid, serotonin, tryptamine, and xanthurenic acid) in the serum were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.

The Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiota to the Celiac Disease Pathogenesis along with the Effectiveness of Probiotic Therapy.

The development of many human disorders, including celiac disease (CD), is thought to be influenced by the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and its metabolites, according to current research. This study's goal was to provide a concise summary of the information on the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the CD pathogenesis, which was actively addressed while examining the reported pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We assumed that a change in gluten tolerance is formed under the influence of a number of different factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis.

Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Studying the mechanisms of its development and developing measures to slow down and regress it based on this knowledge seem to be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders of the gut-liver axis have great importance in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis.

[Effectiveness of empirical eradication therapy with furazolidone in Russia: results from the European Registry on Management (Hp-EuReg)].

Background: First-line therapy does not always provide a high level of eradication due to the increase of resistance to antibiotics; therefore, it remains necessary to identify the most effective rescue treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empirical furazolidone-containing regimens.

Materials And Methods: Adult infected patients empirically treated with furazolidone-containing eradication regimens were registered in an international, prospective, multicenter non-intervention European registry on management (Hp-EuReg).

The study of the relevance of macro- and microelements in the hair of young wrestlers depending on the style of wrestling.

While participating in an intensive training process, the athlete's body requires not only energy, but also specific macro- and microelements. The purpose of this study was to show the meaning of monitoring the level of mineral trace elements in athletes-wrestlers during physical activity. As an experimental group, 66 male wrestlers aged 18-20 years with at least 3 years of intensive wrestling experience were examined.

The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease.

Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential one-carbon pathways donating methyl-groups to choline phospholipids, creatine, epinephrine, DNA. Compounds similar to folates are ubiquitous and have been found in different animals, plants, and microorganisms.

[Intestinal microbiota, nutrients and probiotics viewed from the «gut-lung» axis].

Disturbance of the bronchopulmonary system are among the most common and socially significant diseases, so, the prevention and treatment of these disorders are the priority tasks of practical health care. Being based on the accumulated literature data on the interaction of the intestinal microflora and respiratory tract, the role of symbiotic bacteria of the intestinal biotope has been discussed in the respiratory diseases' pathogenesis. of the work was to analyze the results of experimental and clinical studies confirming the effect of intestinal microflora on the development and progression of respiratory diseases.

Metabolic activity of intestinal microflora in patients with bronchial asthma.

The gut microbiota plays the important role to support the immunological tolerance. To study a metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora the 44 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and 17 healthy volunteers were tested. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) spectrum was determined using the method of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis.

[Ursodeoxycholic acid: A therapeutic niche in an internist's practice].

The paper shows more than 40 years' experience with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) used as a drug; during this period it has demonstrated its rather high clinical efficacy. Due to the range of its inherent pleiotropic (choleretic, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, hypocholesterolemic, and litholytic) properties, UDCA has a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity. The paper considers the issues associated with the mechanism of action and with the clinical effects of this bile acid.

[Mesenchymal stromal cells synchronize the rhythm of protein synthesis under the effect of an exogenous signal].

A comparative study was performed of dense 5-hour cultures of rat hepatocytes and equal-density cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human adipose tissue of rat bone marrow. The cells were grown on collagen-coated class slides in serum-free medium. Unlike in hepatocytes, no rhythm of protein synthesis was initially revealed in MSC, but such a rhythm manifested itself when the culture medium was supplemented with melatonin (2 nM, 5 min).

[The sensitivity of mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations with different times of adhesion property manifestation and derived from hemopoietic organs to growth factors EGF, bFGF, and PDGF].

The action of three growth factors (EGF, bFGF, and PDGF) on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) subpopulations from mature bone marrow (BM) and rat embryo liver (EL) was investigated. These cells are plastic-adhesive and have different rates of adhesion (AC1-AC4 subpopulations). The efficiency of colony-formation, the size of colonies, and the number of early osteogenic progenitors with alkaline phosphatase activity in colonies and induced osteogenesis were analyzed.

[Influence of primary adhesive interactions with fibronectin on clonal growth and osteogenic potential of rat mesenchymal stromal cells].

Interactions with extracellular matrix including fibronectin (Fn) play an important role in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Influence of Fn and its individual domains on adhesion and osteogenic potencies of rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was estimated. Investigation of bone marrow or fetal liver MSCs adhesion dynamics showed that after 7 days of cultivation on Fn the number of adhered clonogenic cells derived from both sources was comparable to their number observed on plastic but their content in suspension was commonly decreased.

[Analysis of sensitivity of stromal stem cells (CFU-f) from rat bone marrow and fetal liver to 5-fluorouracil].

The sensitivity of stromal stem cells (CFU-f) from rat bone marrow and fetal liver to the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was compared in vivo and in vitro. Cells from both tissues demonstrated a similar resistance to 5-FU in vitro; however, stromal stem cells from fetal liver proved notably more sensitive to 5-FU compared to marrow CFU-f in vivo. Cells forming colonies of different size were identified in stem cell populations from both tissues.

[Alkylating damage by dipin of hematopoietic and stromal cells of the bone marrow].

Effect of alkylating agent dipin was studied on hematopoietic (CFU-S) and stromal (CFU-F) progenitor cells. Single administration of dipin (0.06 mg/g) to adult (CBAxC57Bl/6) F1 hybrid mice induced a long-term (2 years) oscillations in the numbers of day 7 CFU-S and day 11 CFU-S in the bone marrow and spleen.

[Comparative investigation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone marrow and embryonic liver of mouse and rat].

We studied the properties of cells forming fibroblast colonies from the bone marrow and embryonic liver of mouse and rat. Bone marrow and embryonic liver cells formed colonies in vitro including fibroblasts as well as a considerable proportion of macrophages. The colonies formed from bone marrow and hepatic cells of rat differed from the murine ones by a higher proportion of fibroblasts.

[Effects of 10-day long exposure to gamma irradiation at low doses on bone marrow cells in mice].

Effects of ten day long exposure to gamma-irradiation at low doses (mean dose rate of 1.5-2.0 m Gy/day, total dose of 15 m Gy) on hemopoietic (CFU-S) and stromal (CFU-F) progenitor cells from murine bone marrow were examined.

Studies on clonogenic hemopoietic cells of vertebrate in space: problems and perspectives.

Hemopoietic tissues were studied in vertebrates launched aboard the Soviet (Russian) biosatellites ("Cosmos-1129, 1514, 1667, 1887 and 2044"; "Bion-10 and 11") between 1980 and 1996. In the bone marrow of rats exposed to spaceflight conditions, a statistically significant decrease in cell number was revealed in the progenitor cell compartment accounting for the compensatory response of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-gm) and erythrocyte lineages (BFU-e and CFU-e) and in the compartment of multipotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s), which is responsible for the permanent renewal of hemopoietic tissue. The number of stromal fibroblastic progenitors (CFC-f) in the bone marrow of these rats was also reduced.

[Effect of continuous gamma-radiation at low doses on clonogenic hemopoietic (CFU-S) and stromal (CFU-F) bone marrow cells ].

We studied the effects of low doses of continuous gamma-irradiation (Co60, 10 days, mean daily dose power 1.5-2.0 mGy, total dose 15 mGy) on hemopoietic and stromal progenitor cells of murine bone marrow.

[Hemopoiesis on stromal sublayers formed by constant lines of fibroblasts].

We studied the formation of hemopoietic colonies on an artificial sublayer in the peritoneal cavity of mice under the influence of stromal sublayers consisting of fibroblasts of six constant cell limes. All studied lines of stromal cells supported the formation of granulocytic foci and some of them supported the formation of erythroid foci as well. It was shown that hemopoiesis was preserved or, in some cases, enhanced on sublayers of fixed (metabolically inactive) cells.

[Experimental research on the cellular interactions during hemopoiesis].

We present a review of experimental studies performed at the Laboratory of Histogenesis of the Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, on the problem of cell interactions during hemopoiesis. Special attention has been given to original experimental models, such as production of hemopoietic foci on underlayers of fibroblasts encapsulating a foreign body in the peritoneal cavity of rodents (after intraperitoneal transplantation of hemopoietic cells) and repopulation of ectopic hemopoietic territories under the kidney capsule of mice by syngeneic or xenogeneic hemopoietic cells. We describe the competitive interactions of genetically different hemopoietic cells after the transplantation of their mixtures to irradiated mice (multicomponent radiation chimeras).

[Use of leukocytic serum in treatment of shin trophic ulcers with protracted healing].

The results of treatment of 85 patients with trophic ulcers of various origin by leukocytic serum were compared with the results of treatment of 46 patients treated by routine method. The best clinical and aesthetic effect of this treatment was revealed in a group of patients with trophic ulcers due to vein varicosity. From 58 patients epithelization was detected in 49 (84,5%).

[The 5-fluorouracil sensitivity of the hematopoietic stroma of the bone marrow and spleen].

We studied the effect of a single injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (150 mg/kg) on the numbers of stromal precursor cells (CFU-F) in the bone marrow and spleen and their capacity for formation of hemopoietic foci after ectopic transplantation under the renal capsule. 5-FU decreased the number of CFU-F in the bone marrow and spleen of mice and rats to 30 - 50% of the control values. The size of transplants, as estimated according to the number of hemopoietic clonogenic (CFU-S) and nucleated cells, diminished within the first two months after transplantation.

Decrease in the number of progenitors of fibroblasts (CFUf) in bone marrow of rats after a 14-day flight onboard the Cosmos-2044 biosatellite.

A decrease in the number of progenitors of fibroblasts (CFUf) was found in bone marrow of rats that underwent a 14-day flight in the state of weightlessness onboard the Cosmos-2044 biosatellite, immediately after flight, when compared with rats maintained in control conditions of terrestrial gravitation. These changes may be explained by the action of specific factors of microgravitation.

[The functioning of mammalian mitochondria injected into fish embryos].

The possibility of mammalian mitochondria functioning in fish embryos has been studied. Suspension of mitochondria isolated from the mouse fibroblast B-82/cap (chloramphenicol-resistant) and B-82 (chloramphenicol sensitive) cell cultures, were injected into the fertilized loach eggs. These embryos with an artificially increased number of mouse mitochondria developed and lived till the larval stages.