The Rocky liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation of calcified hepatic masses.

Although relatively uncommon in daily clinical practice, calcification may be found in inflammatory hepatic lesions and in benign and malignant liver neoplasms. The most common source of calcified hepatic lesions is inflammatory conditions such as granulomatous diseases (e.g.

From the Archives of the AFIP. Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are rare primary tumors. They have pathologic and clinical similarities to biliary cystadenomas of the liver and mucinous cystic tumors of the ovary. Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas typically affect middle-aged women and arise in the tail of the pancreas.

Primary non-Hodgkin's splenic lymphoma.

Objectives: To describe the imaging, clinical and pathological features of primary splenic lymphoma using a strict definition.

Methods: Of 21 cases, plain films were available in nine, sonograms in 10 and CT in 16. We categorized the spleen as either normal, enlarged with no focal defects (type 1), studded with miliary masses (type 2), containing multifocal masses of varying size (1-10 cm) (type 3) or containing a solitary large mass >5 cm without (type 4A) or with (type 4B) central hypodensity/anechoic areas.

Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma: CT, MR imaging, and US findings.

Purpose: To determine the imaging features of duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma that can be used to differentiate this mass from other lesions.

Materials And Methods: Imaging, histopathologic, and surgical findings in five patients with proved gangliocytic paraganglioma were reviewed. The most common symptom at presentation was abdominal pain (n = 3).

Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver: pathologic basis of imaging findings in 28 cases.

Purpose: To correlate the imaging and pathologic features of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma (UES) and account for the discrepancy between the solid appearance at ultrasound (US) and the almost cystlike appearance at computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: The clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings in 28 patients (age range, 3-49 years) with pathologically proved UES were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent at least one cross-sectional imaging study to include CT (27 patients), US (21 patients), and MR imaging (six patients).

Imaging of pediatric liver tumors.

Primary pediatric liver tumors are a unique group of neoplasms. The age at presentation, clinical sigma symptoms, and imaging characteristics provide helpful clues in making a prospective diagnosis and in tailoring a differential diagnosis. The role of imaging is fourfold: characterization, localization, determination of resectability, and follow-up use.

MR imaging of the liver. Primary malignant neoplasms in the adult.

Primary malignant liver neoplasms of the adult are discussed with emphasis on hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common neoplasm. The clinical and pathologic aspects of the following neoplasms are correlated with imaging features: hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, epithelial hemangioendothelioma, other sarcomas, and lymphoma. The complementary role of ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging in characterizing these lesions and determining resectability is highlighted.

Islet cell tumors of the pancreas: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlation in diagnosis and localization.

Islet cell tumors are rare pancreatic or peripancreatic neoplasms that produce and secrete hormones to a variable degree. These tumors are best divided on clinical grounds into those that produce a recognizable, clinically evident endocrine syndrome (ie, functioning) and those that exhibit no clinical evidence of hormone production (ie, clinically silent). Clinically silent tumors produce symptoms due to mass effect because of their large size.

Pancreatic neoplasms: MR imaging and pathologic correlation.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can aid in the detection and characterization of many pancreatic neoplasms. The MR imaging appearances of common pancreatic neoplasms such as ductal adenocarcinoma are well-known. However, MR imaging features of more unusual pancreatic neoplasms are not well understood.

Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm with sarcomatous stroma: a report of three cases.

Three patients with pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms having a sarcomatous stroma are reported. The tumors occurred in two women and one man, aged 48, 66, and 67 years, respectively. Symptoms included epigastric pain or a palpable abdominal mass or both.

Meckel's enteroliths: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings of Meckel's enteroliths, a rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum.

Materials And Methods: Of 84 cases of Meckel's diverticulum, eight (10%) were found at surgery to contain enteroliths. Abdominal radiographs and barium studies of these eight patients were reviewed retrospectively.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach: a cause of linitis plastica.

Purpose: To demonstrate the radiologic appearance of linitis plastica in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach and to correlate radiologic and pathologic findings.

Materials And Methods: Of 34 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach in the radiologic archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, nine had a linitis plastica appearance at barium study. The radiologic, endoscopic, and pathologic findings of these cases were reviewed.

Leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus: radiographic findings in 10 patients.

Objective: Leiomyosarcomas of the esophagus are rare malignant smooth-muscle tumors that have been described only anecdotally in the radiology literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic findings of this unusual lesion.

Materials And Methods: A search of the radiology archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology revealed 10 cases of esophageal leiomyosarcomas.

Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas: imaging-pathologic correlation on 56 cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm (SPEN) of the pancreas and to correlate imaging and gross pathologic features.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 56 patients (53 female and three male patients aged 10-74 years [mean age at diagnosis, 25 years]) with pathologically proven SPEN of the pancreas. All patients underwent computed tomography (n = 49), ultrasonography (n = 31), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n = 9).

Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus: radiographic findings.

Purpose: To determine the radiographic findings of small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Materials And Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed barium studies as well as medical and pathologic records for three cases of small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus contributed to the radiologic archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

Results: Two patients presented with dysphagia and one with chest pain.

Inverted Meckel diverticulum: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings.

Purpose: To determine the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of inverted Meckel diverticulum by retrospectively reviewing a large series of cases.

Materials And Methods: Among 84 cases of Meckel diverticulum, 18 (21%) were found at surgery to be inverted into the lumen of the bowel. Thirteen of these 18 (72%) cases were associated with small bowel intussusception and five (28%) were not.

Esophageal leiomyomatosis.

Purpose: To reassess the clinical and radiologic findings in patients with esophageal leiomyomatosis.

Materials And Methods: A search of the authors' radiologic archives revealed six cases of esophageal leiomyomatosis in a 22-year period. The clinical findings and radiologic images were reviewed retrospectively.

Fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in 16 patients.

Objective: Fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus are rare benign nonneoplastic intraluminal masses. Most published reports of patients with these polyps have been anecdotal. The purpose of this study was to reassess the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in a relatively large series of patients with this unusual tumorlike lesion.

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign hepatic tumor that likely represents a local hyperplastic response of hepatocytes to a congenital vascular anomaly. It is most commonly seen in middle-aged women and is typically a solid mass measuring less than 5 cm in diameter. Most lesions have central scars that contain thick-walled vessels that provide excellent arterial blood supply; hemorrhage, necrosis, and infarction are, therefore, extremely unusual.

Intussuscepted colonic lipomas: loss of fat attenuation on CT with pathologic correlation in 10 cases.

Background: To determine if infarction and necrosis is the cause of the confusing soft tissue density on CT within intussuscepting lipomas of the colon.

Methods: The clinical records, radiologic examinations, and pathologic specimens of all 13 cases of colonic lipomas collected from 1988 to 1994 studied by CT and surgically resected were retrospectively reviewed. Ten of these cases were associated with intussusception; the CT attenuation of the lead point was graded according to its relative fat/soft tissue density.

Islet cell tumors of the pancreas: pathologic-imaging correlation among size, necrosis and cysts, calcification, malignant behavior, and functional status.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to correlate the imaging and pathologic features of islet cell tumors with regard to tumor size, necrosis and cysts, calcification, malignant behavior, and functional status.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, pathologic, and imaging features of all 133 cases of pathologically proved islet cell tumors of the pancreas seen at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Clinical data, including the patients' symptoms and serologic characteristics, were used to distinguish hyperfunctioning tumors (those causing symptoms related to elevated serum polypeptide levels) from nonhyperfunctioning tumors; hyperfunctioning tumors were divided further into insulin-producing and non-insulin-producing types.

Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma: clinical-imaging-pathologic correlations with emphasis on the importance of ovarian stroma.

Purpose: To evaluate cross-sectional imaging in the distinction of biliary cystadenoma from cystadenocarcinoma and in the determination of the presence of ovarian stroma.

Materials And Methods: In 34 patients, radiologic studies and specimen photographs and descriptions were reviewed retrospectively without knowledge of the patient group. Histologic features were reviewed without knowledge of the radiologic findings and analyzed for epithelial and stromal components.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Gastrointestinal diseases are common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, the radiologic and pathologic findings of these diseases in AIDS patients are illustrated with cases from the archives of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Diseases are categorized in two etiologic groups, opportunistic infections and AIDS-related neoplasms.

Calcification and fibrosis in mesenteric carcinoid tumor: CT findings and pathologic correlation.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to determine the frequency and characteristics of calcification and fibrosis in mesenteric carcinoid tumor as seen on CT scans and to evaluate their possible role in diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: The CT findings in 29 cases of proved mesenteric carcinoid tumor were analyzed retrospectively. Tumors were assessed for size, margin, density, radiating strands, calcification, and associated thickening of the small-bowel wall.