Developing a multi-objective forest planning process with goal programming: a case study.

In this study, multi-objective forest management planning process and application were realized in a case study involving faculty research forest. Forest values were quantitatively determined. Goal programming was used in developing multi objective forest management planning model.

A yield prediction model for Crimean pine plantations.

Crimean pine is one of the most important plantation and natural species in Turkey. In spite of this importance, information on the growth and yield of this species is lacking. For this reason, a model for growth and yield in crimean pine plantations is described, in which stand development is derived from relation to age and site index.

Comparison of the Wand with a conventional technique.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the Wand computer-controlled anesthetic delivery system with a conventional technique as to pain of needle insertion and the pain during injection according to the patient's dental anxiety levels.

Study Design: The study sample comprised 52 healthy patients about to undergo routine tooth extraction. A dental anxiety scale was used to determine anxiety levels before anesthetic administration.

Depression and its associated factors among patients attending chronic disease clinics in southwest Trinidad.

This study determined the prevalence of depression and associated factors, among patients attending chronic disease clinics in Southwest Trinidad. This was a cross-sectional survey using a sample of consecutive patients at four large clinics. To determine the presence of depression, an interviewer-applied modified Zung Scale was validated The modified Zung scale, at the cut-off index of 60, has a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 94%.

Partner notification as a prevention strategy: a social system perspective.

Provider referral and contact referral are two established means to provide notification of contagious, but treatable diseases, as has been done for tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases (e.g., syphilis).

[Surgical prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia].

Cerebral ischemic attack is a common disease and a major health, social and economic problem. The authors discuss the diagnostics of cerebrovascular insufficiency, and the indications for a surgical intervention. They analyse the frequency of surgical and early postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for stenotic changes in the arteries of the aortic arch.

Biotin bioavailability from protein supplements and cereal grains for growing broiler chickens.

A 21d growth bioassay was conducted with broiler chicks to estimate the availability of biotin from canola meal (CM), cereal grains and CM-supplemented cereal diets. A standard biotin response curve was generated with biotin-supplemented diets, using growth rate (g/d) as the dependent variable (X) and biotin intake (micrograms/d) as the independent variable (Y), as follows: Y = 2.28X + 9.

Biotin bioavailability of protein supplements and cereal grains for starting turkey poults.

Biotin bioavailability was estimated in canola meal (CM), various cereal grains, and protein supplements using turkey poults in a growth bioassay study. Following a 10-day pretest period to deplete the biotin reserves of newly hatched poults, triplicate groups (seven poults each) were fed a basal diet without added biotin, or supplemented with graded levels of d-biotin (100, 200, and 400 micrograms/kg) for 21 days. Poult growth (y, g/day) was positively related to biotin intake (x, micrograms/day), as follows: y = 3.

The rat as a model for evaluation of biotin bioavailability from feed ingredients for poultry and swine.

Biotin bioavailability from poultry and swine feed ingredients was determined in an experiment involving growing rats (55-60 g body weight, initially), housed individually in stainless steel cages with raised metal floors. The rats were fed a biotin-free diet fortified with egg-white powder for 7 d prior to being put on test. Thereafter, 5 rats were randomly assigned to each of the experimental diets, as follows: a basal egg white-free diet (A) without added biotin, or supplemented with graded levels of d-biotin, i.

Effect of biotin supplementation of a barley-wheat diet on restoration of healthy feet, legs and skin of biotin deficient sows.

Sixteen sows with induced biotin deficiency were divided into groups of four and fed an egg-white-free barley-wheat based diet without added biotin (control) or supplemented with one of three levels of synthetic d-biotin (100, 200 or 400 micrograms kg-1) for two parities in order to determine the optimal level required to reverse symptoms of the deficiency and to evaluate the relationship among dietary biotin levels, stage of recovery and serum biotin concentrations. Biotin supplementation significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the incidence of lesions (on the foot pads, above the dew claws and on the skin) and also dry skin, but had no effect (P greater than 0.

Development of a system for clinical evaluation of the biotin status of sows.

Sixteen test gilts were fed an egg white-fortified practical diet and four control gilts an egg white-free diet over a two-parity period in order to monitor changes in the serum biotin levels as induced biotin deficiency progressed. Gilts were individually housed in metal crates with slatted floors. Serum biotin (ng/L) of test animals declined from 1490 (initially) to 610 (month 3), remained stable (months 4-8) and thereafter approached 400, 135 and 30 after months 9, 13 and 15, respectively.

Evaluation of a rapid method for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography.

The major limitation to fatty acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography is associated with preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In the present study, FAME preparations were made from plant oils (corn, olive, sunflower), sunflower oil margarine, lard and various animal tissue fats by a rapid transesterification involving tetramethylammonium hydroxide in methanol, and also by a longer conventional saponification-esterification method. Fats from animal (beef, mutton, pork) adipose tissues were extracted by a simpler modified procedure and also by the Folch method prior to the rapid and the conventional FAME preparations, respectively.

Effect of starch infusion at the terminal ileum on nitrogen balance and apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in pigs fed meat-and-bone and soybean meal diets.

Growing pigs were each surgically fitted with a single T-shaped cannula at the terminal ileum, and fed a cornstarch-based diet made isonitrogenous with meat-and-bone meal (MBM) or soybean meal (SBM). Starch or water was infused through the cannulas and the effects on N balance and apparent digestibilities (AD) of N and amino acids (AA) were studied. The infusion of starch, as contrasted to water, increased (P less than .

The utilization of rye by growing chicks as influenced by calcium, vitamin D3, and fat type and level.

Four experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the effects of feeding rye and wheat diets supplemented with different calcium levels, two types and two levels of fat, and increasing levels of vitamin D3 and to study the interrelationships of these dietary ingredients on chick performance. In Experiment 1, feed conversion efficiency was reduced to a much greater extend (10% vs. 1%) when tallow replaced soybean oil in a rye-based diet containing only .