Sciatic Nerve Compression after a Chronic Proximal Hamstring Tear: A Report of Two Cases and a Narrative Review of the Literature.

Proximal hamstring tears are among the most common injuries afflicting athletes and middle-aged individuals. Sciatic nerve compression after a proximal hamstring injury, which can occur due to scar formation and subsequent irritation or compression of the nerve, is an infrequent but severe complication with few cases documented in the literature. No evidence is available about the optimal treatment for sciatic nerve symptoms after proximal hamstring injuries.

Simultaneous Free Fibula and Anterolateral Thigh Flap in Lower Extremity Reconstruction Following Osteomyelitis in a Trauma Patient: A Case Report.

This case report focuses on a 17-year-old polytrauma patient who suffered a septic wound infection after an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and soft tissue reconstruction with a pedicled flap, which led to a substantial bone and soft tissue defect of the lower leg. After thorough antibiotic treatment and after ensuring a non-septic wound, the defect was reconstructed using a contralateral free fibula flap designed as a flow through flap in a double loop manner to accommodate two fibular fragments and an ipsilateral ALT flap. Early weight bearing was initiated 11 days after the free flap transfer under external fixation, with full weight bearing achieved in 36 days with external fixation.

Donor site morbidity after the harvest of microvascular flaps from the medial and lateral femoral condyle region: Objective, radiologic, and patient-reported outcome of a multi-center trial.

Background: With the experience-based hypothesis of low donor site morbidity (DSM) for free flaps from the distal femur, this cohort study aimed to evaluate the DSM according to objective and reproducible criteria.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-six patients who had a flap harvest from either the medial or lateral femoral condyle region between 2005 and 2017 were included. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients.

PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Male Breast Cancer in Comparison with Female Breast Cancer.

Background: Male breast cancer is rare, as it represents less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. In addition, male breast cancer appears to have a different biology than female breast cancer. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), seem to have prognostic and predictive values in a variety of cancers, including female breast cancer.

One-Step Laryngotracheal Reconstruction With Prefabricated Corticoperiosteal Flap.

Large airway reconstruction is difficult and requires a flap that will mirror the tissue variety. The main challenge is to keep the reconstruction stable and prevent collapse. In this report, we present a laryngotracheal reconstruction with a buccal mucosa-prefabricated medial femoral condyle free flap, after chondroma excision in a 1-step procedure.

Role of columnar cell lesions in breast carcinogenesis: analysis of chromosome 16 copy number changes by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.

Columnar cell lesions have been proposed as precursor lesions of low-grade breast cancer. The molecular characteristic of low-grade breast neoplasia is whole-arm loss of chromosome 16q. Copy number changes of 6 genes on 16p and 20 genes on 16q were analysed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in 165 lesions of 103 patients.

Nuclear DDX3 expression predicts poor outcome in colorectal and breast cancer.

Purpose: DEAD box protein 3 (DDX3) is an RNA helicase with oncogenic properties that shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus. The majority of DDX3 is found in the cytoplasm, but a subset of tumors has distinct nuclear DDX3 localization of yet unknown biological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of and mechanisms behind nuclear DDX3 expression in colorectal and breast cancer.

Prognostic impact of macrometastasis linear size in sentinel node biopsy for breast carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of axillary non-sentinel lymph-node metastases (ALN) in breast cancer patients presenting macrometastasis (Mac-m) in the sentinel lymph node (SN).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective series of 1464 breast cancers from patients who underwent ALN dissection following the diagnosis of Mac-m in the sentinel node (SN) was studied. In all the cases the MAC-m linear size was evaluated and correlated with presence or absence of non-SN ALN metastases.

Site-specific gene expression patterns in oral cancer.

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most prevalent malignant tumours within the head and neck. Evidence exists that distinct genes are differentially regulated in SCCs of the oral cavity compared to other head and neck regions. Given this background, the aim of this study was to investigate whether such tumour site-specific gene expression can also be observed in different localizations within the oral cavity.

Detailed vascular anatomy of the medial femoral condyle and the significance of its use as a free flap.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide detailed information on the arterial variations of the descending geniculate artery (DGA) for the harvest of a cortico-periostal flap from the medial femoral condyle and a fascio-cutaneous perforator flap with its respective pedicles.

Material And Methods: A total of 50 lower limbs from embalmed cadavers were dissected. The distribution pattern, length, and diameter of the DGA, saphenous artery (SA), muscular, periostal, and articular branches, and their concomitant veins were measured and evaluated.

Arterialized Venous Bone Flaps: An Experimental Investigation.

In arterialized venous flaps (AVFs) the venous network is used to revascularize the flap. While the feasibility of AVFs in soft tissues has been reported there is no study on osseous AVFs. In this study we aim to assess the flap survival of osseous AVFs in a pig model.

TMAinspiration: Decode Interdependencies in Multifactorial Tissue Microarray Data.

There are no satisfying tools in tissue microarray (TMA) data analysis up to now to analyze the cooperative behavior of all measured markers in a multifactorial TMA approach. The developed tool TMAinspiration is not only offering an analysis option to close this gap but also offering an ecosystem consisting of quality control concepts and supporting scripts to make this approach a platform for informed practice and further research. The TMAinspiration method is specifically focusing on the demands of the TMA analysis by controlling errors and noise by a generalized regression scheme while at the same time avoiding to introduce a priori too many constraints into the analysis of the data.

Cytokeratin and protein expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity provide evidence for two distinct pathogenetic pathways.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is a morphological heterogeneous disease. Various cytokeratin (CK) expression patterns with different prognostic values have been described, but little is known concerning the underlying biological cell mechanisms. Therefore, the present study investigated 193 cases of oral SCCs using immunohistochemistry for α/β/γ-catenin, glucose transporter 1, caspase-3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, carbonic anhydrase 9, heat shock protein (hsp) 70, mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, p21, p27, p16, p53, B-cell lymphoma 6, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin D1 and CK1, 5/6, 8/18, 10, 14 and 19.

Anatomy of the Vascularized Lateral Femoral Condyle Flap.

Background: The perforators of the free lateral femoral condyle flap have yet to be adequately described in humans. Therefore, the authors investigated the perforator vessels of the lateral femoral condyle flap in an anatomical study and discussed potential clinical applications with a particular interest in its indication with vascularized bone and/or iliotibial band for tendon repair surgery.

Methods: The authors dissected thighs of 28 cadavers to evaluate the anatomical properties of perforator vessels that branch from the superior lateral genicular artery and supply bone, cartilage, subcutaneous tissue, and the iliotibial band of the lateral femoral condyle.

One-stage reconstruction of tracheal defects with the medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal-cutaneous free flap.

Background: The demanding anatomic and mechanical requirements make the reconstruction of long tracheal defects challenging. Multiple attempts at replacing tracheal segments are described, including the use of autologous, allogeneic, and synthetic tissues. However, the multilayer structure of the trachea and its function as a conduit for air had generally resulted in the use of nonvascularized tissue and/or multistage procedures.

Functional results after total cricoidectomy with medial femoral condyle free flap reconstruction.

Our goal was to describe a laryngeal-preserving single-stage procedure for the treatment of low-grade chondrosarcomas of the larynx: a total cricoidectomy with medial femoral condyle flap reconstruction. The study was designed as a case series of three consecutive patients with low-grade chondrosarcomas of the cricoid cartilage lamina, diameter 4.4, 5.

Microvascular medial femoral condylar flaps in 107 consecutive reconstructions in the head and neck.

We have assessed the role of the medial femoral condylar flap in 107 patients who had reconstructions of the head and neck. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records for indications, complications, and outcomes. The flap was primarily used for coverage of alveolar ridge defects (n=67), secondly for defects of the facial bone, calvaria, or skull base (n=35), and thirdly for partial laryngeal defects (n=5).

The reconstruction of large laryngeal defect with medial condyle femur corticoperiosteal free flap--a case report.

The larynx is a complicated organ with very important functions. Reconstructive operations of the larynx often result in some function reduction caused by scars and stenoses. The aim of this report is to present the results of the one-stage reconstructive operation after a large excision of the chondrosarcoma of the larynx.

Methylation biomarkers for pleomorphic lobular breast cancer - a short report.

Background: Pleomorphic invasive lobular cancer (pleomorphic ILC) is a rare variant of ILC that is characterized by a classic ILC-like growth pattern combined with an infiltrative ductal cancer (IDC)-like high nuclear atypicality. There is an ongoing discussion whether pleomorphic ILC is a dedifferentiated form of ILC or in origin an IDC with a secondary loss of cohesion. Since gene promoter hypermethylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and thus may provide information on tumor progression, we set out to compare the methylation patterns of pleomorphic ILC, classic ILC and IDC.

Tracing differences between male and female breast cancer: both diseases own a different biology.

Aims: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and poorly characterized disease. In the present study we used a novel biomathematical model to further characterize MBC and to identify differences between male and female breast cancer (FBC).

Methods And Results: A total of 134 cases of MBC were stained immunohistochemically for 13 key oncoproteins, and staining percentages were used in a mathematical model to identify dependency patterns between these proteins.

Chromosome 17 copy number changes in male breast cancer.

Background: Overall, HER2-amplified female breast cancer (FBC) is associated with a high grade, an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. In male breast cancer (MBC) amplification of HER2, located on chromosome 17, occurs at a lower frequency than in FBC, where it is part of complex rearrangements. So far, only few studies have addressed the occurrence of chromosome 17 alterations in small MBC cohorts.

Combination of microvascular medial femoral condyle and iliac crest flap for hemi-midface reconstruction.

In midface defects including the orbit (Brown class III and IV), no single flap can provide adequate reconstruction. In this technical note, the combination of vascularized iliac crest flap and vascularized medial femoral condyle flap (MFC) is described. The vascularized iliac crest flap is reported to be the gold standard for maxilla reconstruction.

Comparative study of the osseous healing process following three different techniques of bone augmentation in the mandible: an experimental study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of three different bone grafting techniques. Forty-eight mature New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups of 16 each. Horizontal augmentation was performed on the corpus of the mandible using three different techniques: free bone graft (FBG), free periosteal bone graft (PBG), pedicled bone flap (BF).

Reconstruction with vascularized medial femoral condyle flaps in hindfoot and ankle defects: a report of two cases.

In this article, we report using free vascularized medial femoral condyle (MFC) flaps for reconstruction of bone defects and nonunion of the hindfoot and ankle in two patients. One patient had an open calcaneal fracture and hindfoot bone defect with impaired gait due to Achilles tendon functional loss. The second patient had nonunion with a chondral defect of the talus after a fall.

Analysis of copy number changes on chromosome 16q in male breast cancer by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.

Gene copy number changes have an important role in carcinogenesis and could serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis and targets for therapy. Copy number changes mapping to chromosome 16 have been reported to be the most frequent alteration observed in female breast cancer and a loss on 16q has been shown to be associated with low grade and better prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to characterize copy number changes on 16q in a group of 135 male breast cancers using a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification kit.