Examining Food-Specific and General Inhibitory Control and Working Memory as Moderators of Relations Between Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Eating Pathology in Adults With Overweight/Obesity: A Preregistered, Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Empirical research and theory support the interaction of executive functions (e.g., inhibitory control, working memory) and emotion regulation in guiding goal-oriented behavior; however, applications to eating pathology (e.

The effect of false cognitive feedback on subsequent cognitive task performance.

Introduction: Previous research has found beliefs about oneself and one's own abilities may have the potential to affect subsequent performance on a particular task. Additionally, providing false feedback about a particular characteristic or even about overall cognitive abilities may also affect performance on later tasks. However, it is unclear to what extent false positive or negative feedback about cognition will affect subsequent executive function task performance.

Academic self-handicapping as a mediator of the relation between imposterism and academic goal orientation: testing invariance by gender and underrepresented status.

Imposterism and academic self-handicapping (ASH) are related to negative outcomes in college students. We examined whether the relationship between imposterism and academic goal orientations is mediated by ASH across men and women and for students who are underrepresented on campus. Participants were 852 undergraduates (29.

Ecological validity of common behavioral decision making tasks: evidence across two samples.

Background: Clinicians and scholars routinely use behavioral decision tasks to assess real-world decision making capabilities. However, many common behavioral decision making tasks lack data on the extent to which they predict real-world risky behaviors. Across two pre-registered studies, and two timepoints, we assessed decision making abilities using common behavioral tasks and predicted participants' real-world risky decision making from task performance.

One-size fits all? Evaluating group differences in an integrated social cognition model to understand COVID-19 vaccine intention and uptake.

Vaccine programs significantly reduce disease burden within a population. The COVID-19 vaccine facilitated a return to "normal"; however, vaccine coverage remains below target levels. Identifying predictors of vaccine uptake is vital for individual and community health.

Test-Retest Reliability of Common Behavioral Decision-Making Tasks: A Multi-Sample, Repeated Measures Study.

Objective: Decision-making is responsible for the best and worst of human nature. The field of decision science has done much to elucidate the psychological process of decision-making, variables that affect decision-making, and outcomes of disadvantageous decision-making. However, understanding any psychological process requires creation of reliable measures.

Cognitive chicken or the emotional egg? How reconceptualizing decision-making by integrating cognition and emotion can improve task psychometrics and clinical utility.

Decision-making is an executive function, tapping into cognitive, emotional, and personality-based components. This complexity, and the varying operational definitions of the construct, is reflected in the rich array of behavioral decision-making tasks available for use in research and clinical settings. In many cases, these tasks are "subfield-specific," with tasks developed by cognitive psychologists focusing on cognitive aspects of decision-making and tasks developed by clinical psychologists focusing on interactions between emotional and cognitive aspects.

Poorer decision making among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence for "pandemic-brain".

Objective: Did living through the COVID-19 pandemic cause healthy college students to experience "pandemic-brain," a phenomenon characterized by difficulties with various cognitive abilities? Did students shift from deliberative to more impulsive decision making?

Participants: We compared a pre-pandemic sample of 722 undergraduate students to 161 undergraduate students recruited in Fall 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: We compared scores on the Adult Decision Making Competence scale among participants who completed the task pre-pandemic or across two time points in Fall 2020, during the pandemic.

Results: Decision making was less consistent and more reliant on gain/loss framing during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic, but college students were no less confident in their decisions.

Are correlations among behavioral decision making tasks moderated by simulated cognitive impairment?

Behavioral decision making tasks are common in research settings, with only the Iowa Gambling Task available for clinical assessments. However, correlations among these tasks are low, indicating each may assess a distinct component of decision making. In addition, it is unclear whether these tasks are sensitive to invalid performance or even simulated impairment.

Contextual Factors Affecting Risky Decision Making: The Influence of Music on Task Performance and Perceived Distraction.

Previous research has investigated factors that contribute to the development of different risk-taking behaviors, such as can occur on lab-based behavioral risky decision making tasks. On several of the most common tasks, participants must develop an adequate understanding of the relative risks and benefits associated with each decision in order to learn to decide advantageously. However, contextual factors can affect the decision making process and one's ability to weigh the risks and benefits of a decision.

Stability of Risk Perception Across Pandemic and Non-pandemic Situations Among Young Adults: Evaluating the Impact of Individual Differences.

Previous research suggests a higher perceived risk associated with a risky behavior predicts a lower likelihood of involvement in that behavior; however, this relationship can vary based on personality characteristics such as impulsivity and behavioral activation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals began to re-evaluate the level of risk associated with everyday behaviors. But what about risks associated with "typical" risk-taking behaviors? In the present study, 248 undergraduate student participants completed measures of impulsivity, behavioral activation and inhibition, propensity to take risks, numeracy, and perceptions of and involvement in both risk-taking behavior and health promoting behavior (e.

Clinical and Functional Predictors of Response to a Comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Severe Post-COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following severe and very severe COVID-19 infection is known to be effective, according to typical assessments. However, not all patients benefit from PR to the same extent. This analysis aimed to identify the impact of different factors on PR outcomes in post-COVID-19 patients.

"Like a Freshman Who Didn't Get a Freshman Orientation": How Transfer Student Capital, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy Intertwine in the Transfer Student Experience.

Community colleges and other open-access two-year campuses provide an important pathway to higher education; however, a surprisingly small proportion of these students successfully transfer to and graduate from a bachelor's degree-granting institution. The present study examined barriers and challenges students faced as they built their sense of self-efficacy as transfer students. We conducted interviews with 65 prospective or recent transfer students, including "internal" transfers (moving from an open-access predominantly two-year campus to their university's flagship campus) and "external" transfers (moving from a community college to the university's most selective campus).

The Performance of College Students on the Iowa Gambling Task: Differences Between Scoring Approaches.

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most common behavioral decision-making tasks used in clinical and research settings. Less-than-expected performance among healthy adults generates concerns about the validity of this task, and it is possible the particular scoring approach utilized could impact interpretation. We examined how performance patterns changed across several scoring approaches, utilizing a large, college student sample, both with ( = 406) and without ( = 1,547) a self-reported history of psychiatric or other diagnosis.

Novel bi-allelic variants expand the SPTBN4-related genetic and phenotypic spectrum.

Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, neuropathy, and deafness (NEDHND, OMIM #617519) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in SPTBN4 coding for type 4 βIV-spectrin, a non-erythrocytic member of the β-spectrin family. Variants in SPTBN4 disrupt the cytoskeletal machinery that controls proper localization of ion channels and the function of axonal domains, thereby generating severe neurological dysfunction. We set out to analyze the genetic causes and describe the clinical spectrum of suspected cases of NEDHND.

Cognitive-perceptual and disorganized schizotypal traits are nonlinearly related to atypical semantic content on tasks of semantic fluency.

Language deficits emerge early in the course of schizophrenia, yet research findings in those at-risk for schizophrenia, such as those with schizotypy, are mixed. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship of language ability, measured via semantic fluency, to schizotypy, examining both linear and non-linear relations. Semantic fluency data from 295 individuals with varying amounts of schizotypal traits were analyzed utilizing traditional methods (i.

Biochar amendment as a remediation strategy for surface soils impacted by crude oil.

The impact of organic bulking agents on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil impacted soils was evaluated in batch laboratory experiments. Crude oil impacted soils from three separate locations were amended with fertilizer and bulking agents consisting of biochars derived from walnut shells or ponderosa pine wood chips produced at 900 °C. The batch reactors were incubated at 25 °C and sampled at pre-determined intervals to measure changes in total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) over time.

Narcissism, the Experience of Pain, and Risky Decision Making.

Personality characteristics and situational factors are known to influence performance on behavioral decision making tasks; however, variability exists in the relationship between narcissism and decision making. In addition, recent research suggests that the presence of acute pain can negatively affect decisions, and even the threat of pain can also cause changes in decision making. Narcissists are known to experience social pain differently than non-narcissists, but relatively little is known about how physical pain is experienced.

Performance of a CO sorbent for indoor air cleaning applications: Effects of environmental conditions, sorbent aging, and adsorption of co-occurring formaldehyde.

Indoor air cleaning systems that incorporate CO sorbent materials enable HVAC load shifting and efficiency improvements. This study developed a bench-scale experimental system to evaluate the performance of a sorbent under controlled operation conditions. A thermostatic holder containing 3.

Country and Sex Differences in Decision Making Under Uncertainty and Risk.

Whether males and females differ in decision-making remains highly debatable. However, a male advantage in decision making is observed in animal as well as human models of the iowa gambling task (IGT), and, in case of the latter, the difference is observed across a wide range of age groups. It is unclear if these sex differences on the IGT are malleable to environmental influences such as sociocultural factors.

Risky decision-making and delusion proneness: An initial examination.

Delusion proneness is an individual-differences characteristic, existing on a continuum from no delusional thoughts to a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Previous research found individuals high in delusion proneness request less information to make decisions, potentially making a decision without sufficient information (jumping to conclusions). The present study examined risky decision-making as a function of delusion proneness.

Manipulating the decision making process: Influencing a "gut" reaction.

The present series of studies sought to examine how external factors influence behavioral decision making task performance. Utilizing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess risky decision making, we examined the influence of a dual task paradigm (Study 1, Study 2), shifting task focus to decision making speed versus accuracy (Study 3), and varied intertrial intervals (Study 4). College student participants completed the IGT and decision making speed and the patterns of IGT selections by deck in the earlier (decision making under ambiguity) and later (decision making under risk) trials were examined.

Coronary artery disease screening in adults with congenital heart disease prior to cardiac surgery.

Objective: As adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) grow older, preoperative screening for coronary artery disease (CAD) may be indicated prior to CHD surgery. Data regarding the indications for preoperative CAD screening in this population are limited. Current practice is to follow guidelines for patients with valvular heart disease; however, the risk for CAD in certain congenital heart diagnoses may be higher than the general population.