Correction: STAT3 balances myocyte hypertrophy vis-à-vis autophagy in response to Angiotensin II by modulating the AMPKα/mTOR axis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Vitamin D3 induces mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition and promotes a proangiogenic niche through IGF-1 signaling.

Although vitamin D3 (VitD3) prevents angiogenesis in cancer, VitD3 deficiency is associated with greater incidence of cardiovascular events in patients. We examined the influence of VitD3 on the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). VitD3 treatment increased the expression of proangiogenic molecules in MSCs, which exhibited an endothelial cell-like phenotype and promoted vascularization and .

STAT3 balances myocyte hypertrophy vis-à-vis autophagy in response to Angiotensin II by modulating the AMPKα/mTOR axis.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is known to participate in various cardiovascular signal transduction pathways, including those responsible for cardiac hypertrophy and cytoprotection. However, the role of STAT3 signaling in cardiomyocyte autophagy remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is effected, at least in part, through STAT3-mediated inhibition of cellular autophagy.

Metabolic Effects of Glucose-Fructose Co-Ingestion Compared to Glucose Alone during Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes.

This paper aims to compare the metabolic effects of glucose-fructose co-ingestion (GLUFRU) with glucose alone (GLU) in exercising individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Fifteen male individuals with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7.0% ± 0.

Test-retest analysis of multiple P magnetization exchange pathways using asymmetric adiabatic inversion.

Purpose: A P-MR inversion transfer (IT) method with a short adiabatic inversion pulse is proposed and its test-retest reliability was evaluated for two spectral fitting strategies.

Methods: Assessment in a test-retest design (3 Tesla, vastus muscles, 12 healthy volunteers, 14 inversion times, 22 ms asymmetric adiabatic inversion pulse, adiabatic excitation); spectral fitting in Fitting Tool for Interrelated Arrays of Datasets (FitAID) and Java Magnetic Resonance User Interface (jMRUI); least squares solution of the Bloch-McConnell-Solomon matrix formalism including all 14 measured time-points with equal weighting.

Results: The cohort averages of k[PCr→γ-ATP] (phosphocreatine, PCr; adenosine triphosphate, ATP) are 0.

Repartition of oil miscible and water soluble UV filters in an applied sunscreen film determined by confocal Raman microspectroscopy.

Photoprotection provided by topical sunscreens is expressed by the sun protection factor (SPF) which depends primarily on the UV filters contained in the product and the applied sunscreen amount. Recently, the vehicle was shown to significantly impact film thickness distribution of an applied sunscreen and sunscreen efficacy. In the present work, repartition of the UV filters within the sunscreen film upon application is investigated for its role to affect sun protection efficacy.

Methodological and physiological test-retest reliability of (13) C-MRS glycogen measurements in liver and in skeletal muscle of patients with type 1 diabetes and matched healthy controls.

Glycogen is a major substrate in energy metabolism and particularly important to prevent hypoglycemia in pathologies of glucose homeostasis such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). (13) C-MRS is increasingly used to determine glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver non-invasively; however, the low signal-to-noise ratio leads to long acquisition times, particularly when glycogen levels are determined before and after interventions. In order to ease the requirements for the subjects and to avoid systematic effects of the lengthy examination, we evaluated if a standardized preparation period would allow us to shift the baseline (pre-intervention) experiments to a preceding day.

Effects of aerobic exercise on ectopic lipids in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after growth hormone replacement therapy.

Growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) increases exercise capacity and insulin resistance while it decreases fat mass in growth hormone-deficient patients (GHD). Ectopic lipids (intramyocellular (IMCL) and intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) are related to insulin resistance. The effect of GHRT on ectopic lipids is unknown.

Metabolic and hormonal response to intermittent high-intensity and continuous moderate intensity exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study.

Aims/hypothesis: To investigate exercise-related fuel metabolism in intermittent high-intensity (IHE) and continuous moderate intensity (CONT) exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: In a prospective randomised open-label cross-over trial twelve male individuals with well-controlled type 1 diabetes underwent a 90 min iso-energetic cycling session at 50% maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), with (IHE) or without (CONT) interspersed 10 s sprints every 10 min without insulin adaptation. Euglycaemia was maintained using oral (13)C-labelled glucose.

Hepatic and intramyocellular glycogen stores in adults with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls.

Glycogen levels in liver and skeletal muscle assessed non-invasively using magnetic resonance spectroscopy after a 48-h pre-study period including a standardized diet and withdrawal from exercise did not differ between individuals with well-controlled Type 1 DM and matched healthy controls.

Noninvasive estimation of oxygen consumption in human calf muscle through combined NMR measurements of ASL perfusion and T₂ oxymetry.

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring muscle O2 consumption (V˙O2) noninvasively with a combination of functional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging methods, and to verify that changes in muscle V˙O2 can be detected with a temporal resolution compatible with physiological investigation and patient ease. T2-based oxymetry of arterial and venous blood was combined with the arterial-spin labeling (ASL)-based determination of muscle perfusion. These measurements were performed on 8 healthy volunteers under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in order to assess the sensitivity of measurements over a range of saturation values.

Comparison of (31)P saturation and inversion magnetization transfer in human liver and skeletal muscle using a clinical MR system and surface coils.

(31)P MRS magnetization transfer ((31)P-MT) experiments allow the estimation of exchange rates of biochemical reactions, such as the creatine kinase equilibrium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Although various (31)P-MT methods have been successfully used on isolated organs or animals, their application on humans in clinical scanners poses specific challenges. This study compared two major (31)P-MT methods on a clinical MR system using heteronuclear surface coils.

The effect of aerobic exercise on intrahepatocellular and intramyocellular lipids in healthy subjects.

Background: Intrahepatocellular (IHCL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids are ectopic lipid stores. Aerobic exercise results in IMCL utilization in subjects over a broad range of exercise capacity. IMCL and IHCL have been related to impaired insulin action at the skeletal muscle and hepatic level, respectively.

Femoral neck fractures after arthroscopic femoral neck osteochondroplasty for femoroacetabular impingement.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate, associated risk factors and outcome of insufficiency femoral neck fractures following arthroscopic femoral neck osteochondroplasty for femoroacetabular impingement.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2009, a consecutive series of 376 arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasties for femoroacetabular impingement were performed and analysed. Seven postoperative fractures were found and comprise the fracture group.

Surgical hip dislocation versus hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement: clinical and morphological short-term results.

Introduction: Surgical hip dislocation (SHD) is an accepted standard to treat femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, arthroscopic techniques have gained widespread popularity and comparable results are reported. The purpose of this prospective comparative study was to test the hypothesis that, when compared to SHD, hip arthroscopy (HA) results in faster recovery, better short-term outcome, and equivalent morphological corrections.

Effects of supplementation with essential amino acids on intrahepatic lipid concentrations during fructose overfeeding in humans.

Background: A high dietary protein intake has been shown to blunt the deposition of intrahepatic lipids in high-fat- and high-carbohydrate-fed rodents and humans.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential amino acid supplementation on the increase in hepatic fat content induced by a high-fructose diet in healthy subjects.

Design: Nine healthy male volunteers were studied on 3 occasions in a randomized, crossover design after 6 d of dietary intervention.

Magnetic resonance imaging based determination of body compartments with the versatile, interactive sparse sampling (VISS) method.

Purpose: To investigate the inhomogeneity of radiofrequency fields at higher field strengths that can interfere with established volumetric methods, in particular for the determination of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). A versatile, interactive sparse sampling (VISS) method is proposed to determine VAT, SCAT, and also total body volume (TBV).

Materials And Methods: VISS is based on a separation of major components by contour lines, followed by a sparse sampling algorithm, and eventually a quick manual correction.

Cooks syndrome: a case report and brief review.

Congenital anonychia is rare, particularly when all 10 toenails are absent. When anonychia is associated with absence of distal phalanges, a diagnosis of Cooks syndrome must be considered. We present a case and discussion of a patient with congenital anonychia, absent distal phalanges, and rudimentary hypoplastic middle phalanges and brachydactyly, consistent with Cooks syndrome.

Effect of two β-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout.

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle and chronic β-alanine (BA) supplementation can increase carnosine content. This placebo-controlled, double-blind study compared two different 8-week BA dosing regimens on the time course of muscle carnosine loading and 8-week washout, leading to a BA dose-response study with serial muscle carnosine assessments throughout. Thirty-one young males were randomized into three BA dosing groups: (1) high-low: 3.

Fructose and galactose enhance postexercise human liver glycogen synthesis.

Purpose: Both liver and muscle glycogen stores play a fundamental role in exercise and fatigue, but the effect of different CHO sources on liver glycogen synthesis in humans is unclear. The aim was to compare the effect of maltodextrin (MD) drinks containing galactose, fructose, or glucose on postexercise liver glycogen synthesis.

Methods: In this double-blind, triple crossover, randomized clinical trial, 10 well-trained male cyclists performed three experimental exercise sessions separated by at least 1 wk.

Effects of a whey protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids in obese female patients.

Background & Aims: High protein diets have been shown to improve hepatic steatosis in rodent models and in high-fat fed humans. We therefore evaluated the effects of a protein supplementation on intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL), and fasting plasma triglycerides in obese non diabetic women.

Methods: Eleven obese women received a 60 g/day whey protein supplement (WPS) for 4-weeks, while otherwise nourished on a spontaneous diet, IHCL concentrations, visceral body fat, total liver volume (MR), fasting total-triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, glucose tolerance (standard 75 g OGTT), insulin sensitivity (HOMA IS index), creatinine clearance, blood pressure and body composition (bio-impedance analysis) were assessed before and after 4-week WPS.

The effect of GH replacement therapy on different fat compartments: a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective: Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) are insulin resistant with an increase in visceral fat mass (FM). Whether this holds true when sedentary control subjects (CS) are matched for waist has not been documented. GH replacement therapy (GHRT) results in a decrease in FM.

Favorable effect of cotransfection with TGF-beta and CTLA4Ig of the donor kidney on allograft survival.

Background/aims: Gene transfer of viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10) or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) successfully prolonged liver and heart graft survival. Here we assessed whether injection of adenovirus (Ad) coding vIL-10 (AdvIL-10) or TGF-beta3 (AdTGF-beta3) prolonged kidney allograft survival. Since we previously demonstrated that transfection of the donor kidney with CTLA4Ig significantly prolonged allograft survival, we also evaluated the effect of a combined injection of AdvIL-10 or AdTGF-beta3 with the AdCTLA4Ig.