Results of extremity dosimetry based on the measurements at laboratory of individual and environmental dosimetry at IFJ PAN.

Laboratory of Individual and Environmental Dosimetry (LADIS) at the Institute of Nuclear Physics is the largest dosimetry service in Poland. Extremity ring dosimetry measurements are performed at LADIS laboratory for ˃20 years, with accredited procedure since 2002. According to the quality system based on PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018-02 standard, Hp(0.

[Occupational exposure in orthopedic procedures under fluoroscopic control].

Background: In interventional radiology the highest radiation doses are usually recorded for both the medical staff and the patients. Interventional procedures with X-rays are implemented in a number of medical specializations. This paper concerns the exposure of interventional teams performing orthopedic procedures under X-rays control.

[Factors affecting exposure level for medical staff during orthopedic procedures under fluoroscopic control].

Background: Extended control of staff exposure in interventional radiology has been legally required over the last few years. This is determined by a number of factors, including the type of procedure, technical conditions and methodology. In orthopedic procedures fluoroscopy is used to control surgical reconstructions.

APPLICATION OF PTTL METHOD FOR DOSE REASSESSMENT IN EXTREMITY DOSIMETRY.

Wide and common applications of ionising radiation require continuous improvement of radiation safety and dosimetry methods. The thermoluminescent (TL) method is well known and very popular. Apart from its advantages, it also carries certain disadvantages.

HOW DO HOSPITAL STERILISATION PROCEDURES AFFECT THE RESPONSE OF PERSONAL EXTREMITY RINGS AND OF EYE LENS TL DOSEMETERS?

Stringent standards of hygiene must be applied in medical institutions, especially at operating blocks or during interventional radiology procedures. Medical equipment, including personal dosemeters that have to be worn by medical staff during such procedures, needs therefore to be sterilised. In this study, the effect of various sterilisation procedures has been tested on the dose response of extremity rings and of eye lens dosemeters in which thermoluminescent (TL) detectors (of types MTS-N and MCP-N, respectively) are used.

Energy response of different types of RADOS personal dosemeters with MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) TL detectors.

The photon energy response of different RADOS (Mirion Technologies) personal dosemeters with MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescence (TL) detectors was investigated. Three types of badges were applied. The irradiation with reference photon radiation qualities N (the narrow spectrum series), and S-Cs and S-Co nuclide radiation qualities, specified in ISO 4037 [International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Dose levels of the occupational radiation exposures in Poland based on results from the accredited dosimetry service at the IFJ PAN, Krakow.

Individual dosimetry service based on thermoluminescence (TLD) detectors has started its activity at the Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ) in Krakow in 1965. In 2002, the new Laboratory of Individual and Environment Dosimetry (Polish acronym LADIS) was established and underwent the accreditation according to the EN-PN-ISO/IEC 17025 standard. Nowadays, the service is based on the worldwide known standard thermoluminescent detectors MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P), developed at IFJ, processed in automatic thermoluminescent DOSACUS or RE2000 (Rados Oy, Finland) readers.

Microdosimetric modelling of the response of thermoluminescence detectors to low- and high-LET ionising radiation.

The microdosimetric one hit detector model was applied to calculate the dose response, energy response and relative thermoluminescence (TL) efficiency, eta, of high sensitive LiF:Mg,Cu,P and Al(2)O(3):C detectors after their irradiations by X rays, gamma rays, beta electrons and heavy charged particles (HCP). Microdosimetric distributions in 60 nm targets for photons and beta rays were calculated using the TRION MC track structure code, for HCP using the analytical model of Xapsos with modified transport of secondary electrons and the model of Olko & Booz. The calculated values of eta compare favourably with a broad spectrum of experimental data, including ICHIBAN experiments with HCP.

Radon survey in the high natural radiation region of Niska Banja, Serbia.

A radon survey has been carried out around the town of Niska Banja (Serbia) in a region partly located over travertine formations, showing an enhanced level of natural radioactivity. Outdoor and indoor radon concentrations were measured seasonally over the whole year, using CR-39 diffusion type radon detectors. Outdoor measurements were performed at 56 points distributed over both travertine and alluvium sediment formations.

Identification of static exposure of standard dosimetric badge with thermoluminescent detectors.

There are three main methods used in individual monitoring: radiographic films, thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Distinguishing between static (e.g.

Dosimetric properties of new cards with high-sensitivity MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) detectors for Harshaw automatic reader.

A new configuration for a thermoluminescent dosimetric card has been developed through collaboration between the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków and several commercial dosimetric companies. The card is based on high-sensitivity LiF:Mg,Cu,P circular pellets (MCP-N) welded inside synthetic foils. The basic configuration consists of two pellets of 3.

Application of different TL detectors for the photon dosimetry in mixed radiation fields used for BNCT.

Different approaches for the measurement of a relatively small gamma dose in strong fields of thermal and epithermal neutrons as used for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) have been studied with various thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs). CaF(2):Tm detectors are insensitive to thermal neutrons but not tissue-equivalent. A disadvantage of applying tissue-equivalent (7)LiF detectors is a strong neutron signal resulting from the unavoidable presence of (6)Li traces.

A method for distinguishing between static and dynamic X-ray exposure of a personal TL-badge using the CCD camera TL reader.

This paper reports initial attempts to apply a thermoluminescent (TL) reader with CCD camera to identify cases of static and dynamic exposure of personal dosemeters to doses relevant for radiation protection. Standard MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) and MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) TL pellets with diameter of 4.5 mm and thickness of 0.

Dose distribution around a needle-like anode X-ray tube: dye-film vs. planar thermoluminescent detectors.

The dosimetry around the X-ray tube with a needle-like anode (NAXT), developed at the Institute of Nuclear Studies, for interstitial brachytherapy has been performed using (1) dye films (Gafchromic XR-T), (2) large-area thermoluminescent (TL) detectors--prepared either by gluing TL powder onto thin Al foil (so-called planar detectors with spatial resolution of 0.1 mm) and (3) miniature (2 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thick) TL detectors.

Inhalation dose due to presence of 131I in air above septic tank system of an endocrinology hospital.

We present here measurements of the 131I concentration for both: gaseous and aerosol fraction of 131I in the air above the septic tank containing wastes from medical application of this isotope. Aerosols were collected using air filters, whereas gaseous forms of iodine were trapped in KI impregnated charcoal double layer cartridge. Besides an active method (pumping of the air through system of filters) an attempt for using a passive method (charcoal traps) for monitoring of radio-iodine is described.

LiF:Mg,Ti (MTT) TL detectors optimised for high-LET radiation dosimetry.

The properties of LiF:Mg,Ti (distributed as, e.g., TLD-100 or MTS-N), the most frequently used thermoluminescent detector, have been optimised for measurements of sparsely ionizing radiation (gamma rays), typically encountered in radiation protection or clinical dosimetry.

Dosimetry of BNCT beams with novel thermoluminescent detectors.

In the dosimetry of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) beams, thermoluminescent (TL) detectors are typically applied in phantom measurements to determine the spatial distribution of the gamma ray and neutron dose. Pairs of 6LiF and 7LiF are applied to discriminate between the thermal neutron and gamma ray field components, exploiting the high cross section for (n,alpha) reaction of 6Li. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) in Kraków (Poland) a prototype TL-based measuring set has been constructed and tested.

Dosimetry of heavy charged particles with thermoluminescence detectors--models and applications.

Lithium fluoride thermoluminescent (TL) detectors, with Li-7 isotope and various activators (MTS-7 LiF:Mg,Ti, MTT-7 LiF:Mg,Ti with enhanced Ti concentration and MCP-7 LiF:Mg,Cu,P) were used for dosimetry of heavy charged particles, within the ICHIBAN experiment. The microdosimetric model has been applied to calculate detection efficiency, eta, relative to gamma-ray dose, of these detectors after proton and heavy charged particle (HCP) irradiation for ion charges ranging from Z = 1 to Z = 6 and in the energy range from 0.3 to 20 MeV amu(-1).

Modeling the response of thermoluminescence detectors exposed to low- and high-LET radiation fields.

Lithium fluoride thermoluminescence (TL) detectors, with different Li composition (Li-6 and Li-7) and various activators (LiF:Mg,Ti, LiF:Mg,Cu,P), are widely used for dosimetry in space. The primary radiation field in space is composed of fast electrons, protons and heavy charged particles (HCP). By its interaction with the structures of the spacecraft, this field may be modified inside the crew cabin.

Response of TL dosemeters to cosmic radiation on board passenger aircraft.

Measurements were performed with various LiF based TLDs on board seven Polish aircraft, flying long-distance or middle-distance routes. All of the 7LiF detectors used (various types of 7LiF:Mg,Ti and 7LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors), which measure the non-neutron component of the radiation field, produced consistent results. It was found that the characteristics of the TLD response (ratio of different detector responses, glow curve shapes) after doses of radiation at flying altitudes differ from those obtained after exposure at the CERN facility (CERF), suggesting a lower contribution of densely ionising radiation.

Miniature thermoluminescent detectors for dosimetry in radiotherapy.

At the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kraków (INP), in collaboration with the Centre of Oncology in Kraków, several types of miniature thermoluminescent LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P detectors specially designed for clinical dosimetry in radiotherapy have been developed. The detectors are manufactured in the form of solid pellets of diameter down to 1 mm and typical thickness 0.5 mm, in the form of rods with a diameter of 0.

LiF:Mg,Cu,P 'pin worms': miniature detectors for brachytherapy dosimetry.

Dose measurements in brachytherapy 192Ir implants are often difficult due to large dose gradients and complex photon spectra. Therefore, tissue-equivalent detectors with a high spatial resolution, such as the highly promising LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) are required. It was the aim of the present work to ascertain if miniature LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLDs can effectively measure the dose distribution around 192Ir implants.

MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) TLDs for radon measurements with charcoal canisters.

A method of measurement of radon concentration in air was developed, based on high-sensitivity LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N, TLD Poland) thermoluminescent detectors installed in charcoal canisters. The canisters were exposed typically for 72 h in a calibration chamber with a radon concentration ranging from 100 Bq x m(-3) to 87 kBq x m(-3). It was found that in these conditions the signal registered by the TL detectors was proportional to the 222Rn concentration and the lowest limit of detection (LLD) was at a level of 100 Bq x m(-3).

The influence of post-exposure heating on the stability of MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) TL detectors.

Post-exposure annealing of highly sensitive LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) detectors, at 100 degrees C over 10 or 20 min prior to readout, is usually recommended for routine dosimetry. The purpose of this anneal is to eliminate low-temperature peaks, especially peak 3, which fades at room temperature in about 3 months. However, as this annealing procedure does not entirely eliminate peak 3, 10% of its thermoluminescent (TL) signal still being readable, a fading correction must be applied.