Supplementation of Miso to a Western-Type Diet Stimulates ILC3s and Decreases Inflammation in the Small Intestine.

Background/objectives: Western-type diets (WDs) damage the intestinal barrier by disrupting the gut microbiota composition and causing inflammation, leading to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and found in fermented foods and can stimulate the anti-inflammatory action of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCS3s) in the intestine. This study hypothesised that supplementing miso, a Japanese fermented food, to a WD could increase the levels of SCFAs and thus stimulate ILC3s, decreasing inflammation in the intestine and protecting intestinal barrier integrity.

Daidzein Inhibits Muscle Atrophy by Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokine- and Muscle Atrophy-Related Gene Expression.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity, which is associated with a poorer prognosis than that of sarcopenia alone, may be positively affected by soy isoflavones, known inhibitors of muscle atrophy. Herein, we hypothesize that these compounds may prevent sarcopenic obesity by upregulating the gut metabolites with anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: To explore the effects of soy isoflavones on sarcopenic obesity and its mechanisms, we employed both in vivo and in vitro experiments.