Supporting older adults' mental health: a Delphi survey identifying audiology best practices.

Objective: This study aimed to gather opinions and establish consensus among audiologists and patients on supporting individuals with mental health concerns in audiology settings.

Design: Utilising a modified electronic Delphi survey, a panel of 25 experts engaged in three rounds of data collection over 12 weeks. Participants provided open-text responses in Round 1 describing "clinical practices that can be employed to support to patients presenting with mental health concerns", and the research team combined these with relevant clinical practices from literature searches.

The role of acute stress recovery in emotional resilience.

Background: Resilience refers to the process of demonstrating better outcomes than would be expected based on the adversity one experienced. Resilience is increasingly measured using a residual approach, which typically assesses adversity and mental health outcomes over a longitudinal timeframe. It remains unknown to what extent such a residual-based measurement of resilience is sensitive to variation in acute stress resilience, a candidate resilience factor.

Sleep discrepancy and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.

This was the first study to use cluster analysis to characterise sleep discrepancy (the discordance between self-reported and objective sleep) across multiple sleep parameters, in community-dwelling older adults. For sleep efficiency, negative discrepancy (the tendency to self-report worse sleep than objectively-measured) was associated with poorer memory, independent of insomnia severity, depressive symptoms and objective sleep. This suggests a unique role for sleep discrepancy as a possible risk factor for future cognitive decline, and warrants the need for further research.

The McCusker Subjective Cognitive Impairment Inventory (McSCI): a novel measure of perceived cognitive decline.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), i.e. self/other-reported concerns on one's cognitive functioning without objective evidence of significant decline, is an indicator of dementia risk.

Suboptimal self-reported sleep efficiency and duration are associated with faster accumulation of brain amyloid beta in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Introduction: This study investigated whether self-reported sleep quality is associated with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation.

Methods: Linear mixed effect model analyses were conducted for 189 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults (mean ± standard deviation 74.0 ± 6.

Distinct cognitive changes in male patients with obstructive sleep apnoea without co-morbidities.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a multisystem, debilitating, chronic disorder of breathing during sleep, resulting in a relatively consistent pattern of cognitive deficits. More recently, it has been argued that those cognitive deficits, especially in middle-aged patients, may be driven by cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, rather than by distinct OSA-processes, such as are for example ensuing nocturnal intermittent hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and sleep fragmentation.

Methods: Thus, we undertook to define cognitive performance in a group of 27 middle-aged male patients with untreated OSA, who had no concomitant comorbidities, compared with seven matched controls (AHI mean ± S.

Evaluation of the Ask-Inform-Manage-Encourage-Refer Intervention and Its Implementation Targeting the Provision of Mental Wellbeing Support Within the Audiology Setting.

Objectives: The ask, inform, manage, encourage, refer (AIMER) program is a behavior change intervention designed to increase the frequency with which hearing healthcare clinicians (HHCs) ask about and provide information regarding mental wellbeing within adult audiology services. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the first iteration of the AIMER program to determine whether the intervention achieved the changes in HHC behaviors anticipated and to evaluate feasibility of implementing the AIMER program based on the implementation protocol.

Design: The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to guide this evaluation.

In-person versus online delivery of a behavioral sleep intervention (Sleeping Sound) for children with ADHD: protocol for a parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep difficulties such as difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Problem sleep may impact children's daily functioning and behaviors and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Most effective behavioral interventions to improve sleep are conducted in person, limiting accessibility to treatment for individuals in remote or rural communities or those who are unable to attend a clinic.

Short form Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Factor structure and measurement invariance by sex in emerging adults.

Introduction: The short version of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S:S) is a self-report measure used to identify symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during adulthood. However, its psychometric properties specifically in emerging adults, or the transitional age group between adolescence and adulthood, remain understudied. This study aimed to validate the factor structure of the CAARS-S:S in a sample of emerging adults.

OSA-Onset: An algorithm for predicting the age of OSA onset.

Study Objectives: There is currently no way to estimate the period of time a person has had obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Such information would allow identification of people who have had an extended exposure period and are therefore at greater risk of other medical disorders; and enable consideration of disease chronicity in the study of OSA pathogenesis/treatment.

Method: The 'age of OSA Onset' algorithm was developed in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC), in participants who had ≥2 sleep studies and not using continuous positive airway pressure (n = 696).

Disseminating sleep education to graduate psychology programs online: a knowledge translation study to improve the management of insomnia.

Study Objectives: Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mental health, evidence-based insomnia management guidelines have not been translated into routine mental healthcare. Here, we evaluate a state-wide knowledge translation effort to disseminate sleep and insomnia education to graduate psychology programs online using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework.

Methods: Using a non-randomized waitlist control design, graduate psychology students attended a validated 6-hour online sleep education workshop delivered live as part of their graduate psychology program in Victoria, Australia.

Vitamin D status and cognitive performance in community-dwelling adults: A dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.

Low vitamin D status is linked with poorer cognition in adults while findings in relation to high levels are mixed.We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine dose-response associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levelsand cognitive performance in community-dwelling adults. Thirty-eight observational studies were included in dose-response meta-analyses.

Use of the Behaviour Change Wheel to design an intervention to improve the provision of mental wellbeing support within the audiology setting.

Objective: This study describes the development of an intervention to increase the frequency of audiologists' asking about and providing information regarding mental wellbeing within adult audiology services.

Design: The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), an eight-step systematic process, was followed to develop the intervention. Reports describing the first four steps are published elsewhere.

Sleep in young people: What works now and where to? A meta-review of behavioural and cognitive interventions and lifestyle factors.

Objectives: 1) Systematically review meta-analyses and systematic reviews that (a) explored health/lifestyle factors affecting sleep, and/or (b) investigated behavioral/psychological sleep interventions in young people (10-25-years); 2) Evaluate the quality of published literature, and, if an intervention; 3) Examine method and effectiveness of mode of delivery, to inform current clinical practice and research direction.

Method: A systematic search of Embase ( = 45), MEDLINE ( = 67), Web of Science ( = 375), Google Scholar ( = 138), and hand-searching was conducted. After full review, 12 papers were selected, 2 systematic reviews without, and 10 with, meta-analyses.

Loneliness and objective social isolation are differentially associated with anomalous perceptions in community-dwelling older adults.

Introduction: Anomalous perceptions are characterised by the subjective experience of a range of distorted and/or hallucinatory percepts. Whilst considerable attention has been paid to the neurocognitive processes contributing to anomalous perceptions amongst older adults, less is known about the social factors (e.g.

Tau and amyloid biomarkers modify the degree to which cognitive reserve and brain reserve predict cognitive decline.

Objective: Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and education are thought to protect against late-life cognitive decline, but these variables have not been directly compared to one another in the same model, using future cognitive and functional decline as outcomes. We sought to determine whether the influence of these protective factors on executive function (EF) and daily function decline was dependent upon Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology severity, as measured by the total tau to beta-amyloid (T-τ/Aβ) ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Method: Participants were 1201 older adult volunteers in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study.

Residual reserve index modifies the effect of amyloid pathology on fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism: Implications for efficiency and capacity in cognitive reserve.

Background: The residual approach to measuring cognitive reserve (using the residual reserve index) aims to capture cognitive resilience conferred by cognitive reserve, but may be confounded by factors representing brain resilience. We sought to distinguish between brain and cognitive resilience by comparing interactions between the residual reserve index and amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration ["AT(N)"] biomarkers when predicting executive function. We hypothesized that the residual reserve index would moderate at least one path from an AT(N) biomarker to executive function (consistent with cognitive resilience), as opposed to moderating a path between two AT(N) biomarkers (suggestive of brain resilience).

Factor Structure of the Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT): A Conceptual Replication in Older Adults and People with HIV Disease.

Objective: The Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT) is a clinical measure of prospective memory that has strong evidence for convergent, discriminative, and ecological validity. This study uses a conceptual replication design to evaluate the latent structure of the MIsT in two parallel samples who commonly experience prospective memory deficits: older adults and people living with HIV disease.

Participants And Methods: Study participants included 303 people with HIV disease (ages 18-67) and 267 community-dwelling older adults (ages 50-91).

Behavioral Sleep Interventions for Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate intervention characteristics and components within behavioral sleep interventions in school-aged children with ADHD and examine evidence related to effectiveness.

Method: A systematic review was conducted using PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and OpenGray. The subsequent meta-analysis used sleep outcomes to produce comparable effect sizes (Hedges' ) and compare intervention effects between randomized controlled trials and pre-post studies.

Barriers and facilitators to asking adults with hearing loss about their emotional and psychological well-being: a COM-B analysis.

Objective: To explore the barriers and facilitators faced by hearing healthcare clinicians (HHCs) with respect to asking adults with hearing loss (HL) about their emotional well-being.

Design: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups. The interview topic guide was developed based on the COM-B model.

Providing information on mental well-being during audiological consultations: exploring barriers and facilitators using the COM-B model.

Objective: To identify the barriers and facilitators of hearing healthcare clinicians (HHC) providing information to audiology consumers on (i) the mental health impacts of hearing loss, and (ii) management options for improving mental well-being.

Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured individual and group interviews. Both the interview guide and the deductive process of data analysis were based on the COM-B model (Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations required for Behaviour change).