Examining social identity and intrateam moral behaviours in competitive youth ice hockey using stimulated recall.

Social identity - identity formed through membership in groups - may play an important role in regulating intrateam moral behaviour in youth sport (Bruner, M. W., Boardley, I.

Long-term results of central venous access devices in children with haemophilia.

Aims: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are often used to provide reliable venous access for factor VIII administration in children with haemophilia. This study investigates their long-term outcome.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 44 CVADs inserted into 31 children with haemophilia at a single centre between 1991 and 2006.

Disposable plastic rodent feeders for use in an automated filling system.

Rodent feeder devices are often made of reusable, sanitizable materials such as glass and stainless steel. As part of an initiative at the authors' facility to automate the feeder filling process, disposable plastic feeding cups were proposed as a preferable alternative to standard feeders for use in a filling machine. The authors tested and validated designs for rodent meal-type feeder assemblies that incorporated plastic cups.

5-[6-1 -(Cyclohexyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-YL)hexyl]-1,8-naphthyridin-2-(1H)-one, SC-44368, a Potent Anti-aggregatory Agent which Selectively Inhibits Platelet Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase.

SC-44368 (5-[6-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-y)hexyl]-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one) is a potent and selective competitive inhibitor of platelet cyclic AMP-dependent phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) (Ki: 1.65 μM). For the phosphodiesterase isoenzyms from human platelets SC-44368 shows a 26-fold selectivity (IC50 ratio) for the inhibition of the cAMP-PDE over the cyclic GMP-dependent phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE).

Secondary immunoglobulin responses of BALB/c mice previously stimulated with goat anti-mouse IgD.

Intravenous injection of goat antibodies to mouse IgD (GAMD) into BALB/c mice has been shown to induce vigorous T-cell dependent immunoglobulin responses, particularly of the IgG1 and IgE isotypes. We have confirmed these findings and show that IgA responses are also triggered in this model. Since the study of IgE regulation in allergic individuals is concerned with secondary and subsequent T- and B-cell responses, we boosted GAMD-primed mice with goat antibodies to IgE or IgA in an attempt to specifically retrigger IgE- and IgA-bearing memory B cells.

A structurally novel inhibitor of cGMP phosphodiesterase with vasodilator activity.

A novel, potent, competitive inhibitor of smooth muscle cGMP phosphodiesterase is described (Compound I, [4-[2-n-butyl-5-chloro-1-(2- chlorobenzyl)imidazolyl]methyl] acetate). The compound is highly selective for inhibiting cGMP phosphodiesterase compared with cAMP phosphodiesterase. Compound I inhibits the contraction of smooth muscle in response to a variety of agonists in the same concentration range to that which inhibits the enzyme.

Immunoregulation in the common marmoset, Calithrix jaccus: functional properties of T and B lymphocytes and their response to human interleukins 2 and 4.

Non-human primates have been used to study immune function to a much lesser extent than readily available strains of inbred rodents. Nevertheless, in situations where it might be desirable, but impossible, to study human immune responses in vivo, lower primates could provide an acceptable alternative. In order to extent the knowledge of T- and B-lymphocyte function in lower primates, the common marmoset Callithrix jaccus was used as an experimental model.

Dibenzoquinazoline diones as antihypertensive cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

The discovery and structure-activity of a new class of renal artery phosphodiesterase inhibitors is reported, some of which are highly selective for the guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase. One of these compounds, 5,6-dihydro-8,9,11,12-tetramethoxy-1,3-dioxo-1H-benz[f]- isoquino [8,1,2- hij]quinazoline-2(3H)-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester (9), is amongst the most potent and selective compounds of this class yet identified. Furthermore, this compound demonstrates an antihypertensive effect in vivo which is presumably mediated through vascular smooth muscle relaxation.

Monoclonal antibodies to human beta-interferon produced by adoptive transfer in irradiated mice.

Three murine anti-human beta-interferon (IFN-beta) monoclonal antibodies have been isolated following adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. Adoptive transfer was used to increase the specific efficiency of the fusion. These antibodies have been used to define two epitopes on IFN-beta; the antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects of IFN-beta are associated with one of these epitopes.

Protection of mice against syngeneic lymphomata: II. Collaboration between drugs and antibodies.

Rabbit anti-mouse tumour cell serum can be made tumour specific by absorption with normal mouse cells and in an in vivo protection test can be shown to have a measurable protective effect on mice against a given number of lethal doses of a lymphoma. Some drugs have been evaluated in this system. When drug treatment is combined with antibody treatment much greater protection can be obtained than when the same amounts of drug or antibody are used alone.

Protection of mice against syngeneic lymphomata: I. Use of antibodies.

Protection tests using passively administered antibody have been carried out using 2 mouse lymphomata. The classic model ("Gorer System") used alloantiserum which was absorbed in vivo to make it tumour specific before use. In order to provide a system suitable for our work, the model was changed by stepwise transitions to tumour specific immunoglobulin made from xenoantiserum absorbed in vitro, since such a procedure is also applicable to human patients.