The various perioperative issues of structural heart diseases and cardiogenic shock.

Up to 20 % of patients presenting with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock have a structural etiology. Despite efforts in timely management, mortality rates remain alarmingly high, ranging from 50 % to 80 %. Surgical intervention is often the definitive treatment for structural heart disease; however, many patients are considered high risk or unsuitable candidates for such procedures.

Long-Term Outcome Following Treatment With Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Radiation-Induced Hyposalivation and Xerostomia.

Background: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are proposed as a new xerostomia treatment. The study evaluated the long-term safety and effectiveness of allogeneic ASCs in radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with previous oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods: This study constitutes 3-year follow-up on the original 10 patients who received allogeneic ASCs injections to the submandibular and parotid glands as part of the MESRIX-II trial.

Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy Improves Salivary Flow Rate in Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Hypofunction in Preclinical in vivo Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested for salivary gland (SG) restoration following radio-induced salivary gland damage. This study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of MSC therapy on radio-induced SG damage and hypofunction in preclinical in vivo studies.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for preclinical in vivo interventional studies evaluating efficacy and safety of MSC treatment following radio-induced salivary gland damage published before 10th of January 2022.

Diagnostic Value of Preoperative uPAR-PET/CT in Regional Lymph Node Staging of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Phase II Trial.

The detection of lymph node metastases is a major challenge in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC). Ga-NOTA-AE105 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with high affinity to urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a receptor expressed on the surfaces of tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of uPAR-PET/CT (computerized tomography) in detecting regional metastatic disease in patients with OSCC and OPSCC compared to the current imaging work-up.

The Incidence, Survival, and HPV Impact of Second Primary Cancer following Primary Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 20-Year Retrospective and Population-Based Study.

Second primary cancer (SPC) is the second most common cause of death among patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer. This study examined the risk of SPC following oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) on survival following SPC. The study was a population-based, retrospective study including all patients diagnosed with OPSCC in eastern Denmark from 2000-2020 who received curative intended treatment.

Sinonasal B-cell lymphomas: A nationwide cohort study, with an emphasis on the prognosis and the recurrence pattern of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Lymphomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (NPS) are rare. Knowledge on sinonasal B-cell lymphoma (SNBCL) primarily comes from case series or single-center studies on small cohorts. We sought to determine the subtype distribution, clinical characteristics, disease behavior, and prognosis on a nationwide scale, with an emphasis on prognostic factors for the most common sinonasal lymphoma, primary sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PSDLBCL).

Special Issue "HPV in the Head and Neck Region".

Previously, human papillomaviruses were best known for causing diseases in the genital tract, where high-risk types may cause, e.g., cancer of the cervix uteri, while low risk types could cause condylomas [.

A Contemporary Systematic Review on Repartition of HPV-Positivity in Oropharyngeal Cancer Worldwide.

Significant variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) across countries ranging from 11% in Brazil to 74% in New Zealand has been reported earlier. The aim of this study was to systematically review the most recently published studies on the occurrence of HPV in OPSCC globally. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for articles assessing the occurrence of HPV+ OPSCC published between January 2016 and May 2021.

Risk Factors for Recurrence of Follicular Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.

In risk assessment of recurrence, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) are often grouped together as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, while risk factors affecting recurrence of PTC are well established, risk factors for recurrence of FTC are not. This systematic review examines risk factors for recurrence of FTC and evaluates their significance.

Impact of p16-overexpression on overall and progression-free survival outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas: A semi-national, population-based study.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus infection and p16-overexpression is a principal cause and favorable prognostic factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas but the value as prognostic marker in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is undetermined.

Materials And Methods: All patients diagnosed with OSCC in Eastern Denmark in the period 2008-2014 were enrolled. Survival estimates were evaluated as overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses.

Rate of locoregional recurrence among patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with known HPV status: a systematic review.

We aimed to review systematically the literature on locoregional recurrence rates in patients with HPV-positive and -negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched using key words such as human papillomavirus, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with local, regional, and locoregional recurrence. Nine studies (2974 patients with known HPV-status, 59% HPV-positive) were included.

Systemic Immune Profile in Patients With CRSwNP.

The immune pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains obscure. Our aim was to compare humoral immunity and white blood cell counts in patients with CRSwNP and controls. A prospective case-control study was carried out in 37 patients with CRSwNP and 34 controls without CRS.

[Perspectives on recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and human papillomavirus].

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a condition with benign tumours in the respiratory tract. RRP ensues in both children and adults. The disease is induced by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types HPV-6 and HPV-11.

[Evaluation and management of paediatric nasal fractures].

This is a review discussing evaluation and management of paediatric nasal fractures, which have been reported as one of the three most common facial bone fractures. Nasal fractures in children are usually treated with closed reduction after 3-5 days, while other injuries like septal haematoma must be treated at the initial presentation. It is important to pay careful attention to the nasal anatomy during the surgical management of paediatric nasal injuries, as disturbing the nasal growth zones can have an impact on future nasal development.

[Chronic rhinosinusitis].

The aim of this review is to evaluate current guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. We discuss: 1) diagnostic criteria, 2) the use of supplementary tools like visual analogue scale, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and Sniffin' Sticks, 3) the use of tests like allergy, serum IgE and biopsy and 4) comorbidity in relation to the unified airways concept. Furthermore, we evaluate: 1) initial treatment with topical steroids and nasal irrigation, 2) additional treatment options including surgery, systemic steroids and antibiotics and 3) treatment risks.

[Transoral robotic surgery for head and neck cancer].

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly prevalent in the western part of the world. Patients with HPV-induced OPSCC are often younger and have a much better prognosis than patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. The newly introduced transoral robotic surgery offers the ability to perform en bloc tumour resection with good margin control.

[Diagnostics and treatment of sinonasal cancer].

Sinonasal cancer is rare, and the symptoms are often vague leading to a delay in diagnosis which affects the prognosis. This cancer type is most common in elderly men, and it consists of many different histological types, mainly carcinomas. The risk factors remain elusive, except for an association between intestinal type adenocarcinoma and exposure to wood dust.

[Progressive loss of vision as the only symptom of sinonasal cancer].

In this case report, an 81-year-old former carpenter presented with unilateral deteriorating vision. Due to gradual worsening and involvement of the other eye, he was seen by an ophthalmologist and underwent both CT and MRI, which gave rise to suspicion of a sinonasal cancer. Nasal endoscopy revealed a tumour in the ethmoid bilaterally, and a biopsy showed intestinal type adenocarcinoma.

Accuracy and precision of manual segmentation of the maxillary sinus in MR images-a method study.

Objective: To assess the accuracy and precision of segmentation of the maxillary sinus in MR images to evaluate the potential usefulness of this modality in longitudinal studies of sinus development.

Methods: A total of 15 healthy subjects who had been both craniofacial CT and MR scanned were included and the 30 maxillary sinus volumes were evaluated using segmentation. Two of the authors did segmentation of MRI and one of these authors did double segmentation.

An Applied Anatomical Study of the Ethmoidal Arteries: Computed Tomographic and Direct Measurements in Human Cadavers.

Computed tomography (CT) images have been used in very few studies on distances to the ethmoidal arteries in the orbit. Most other studies have included direct measurements on cadavers and frequently quote the 24-12-6 mm rule to describe distances from the anterior lacrimal crest to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina (AEF and PEF), optic canal (OC), respectively. However, the large interindividual variation of distances renders absolute values less applicable in a clinical setting.

The role of miRNAs in human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cancers: bridging between HPV-related head and neck cancer and cervical cancer.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.

[Human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer].

The prevalence of oropharyngeal cancer is increasing in the Western world, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to play a role in this development. Patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer differ significantly from patients with HPV-negative cancer. They may present solely with a small cervical metastasis and thus undergo an extensive diagnostic workup.

Evidence for fungal and chemodenitrification based NO flux from nitrogen impacted coastal sediments.

Although increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide (NO) has been linked to nitrogen loading, predicting emissions remains difficult, in part due to challenges in disentangling diverse NO production pathways. As coastal ecosystems are especially impacted by elevated nitrogen, we investigated controls on NO production mechanisms in intertidal sediments using novel isotopic approaches and microsensors in flow-through incubations. Here we show that during incubations with elevated nitrate, increased NO fluxes are not mediated by direct bacterial activity, but instead are largely catalysed by fungal denitrification and/or abiotic reactions (e.

[Transmission of and infection with human papillomavirus in the oropharynx].

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer is rising in the Western world, but little is known about transmission of the infection and the premalignant phase of the disease. In this article there is an overview of current knowledge with focus on transmission of HPV and risk factors which may lead to persistent infection and eventually cancer. Furthermore, there is a discussion about issues concerning the ability to measure and detect infection and the premalignant stadium in the oropharyngeal tissue.