A Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Resistance During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, or "superbugs," cause more than 35 000 deaths and more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections in the US each year. Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has claimed at least 700 000 lives per year, including 230 000 from multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis.

Identifying the Physical and Emotional Needs of Health Care Workers in Hawai`i During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

A mixed-methods study was performed to identify the physical and emotional needs of Hawai`i health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the degree to which these needs are being met by their clinic or hospital. Qualitative interviews and demographic surveys were conducted with two cohorts of health care workers. Cohort 1 (N=15) was interviewed between July 20 - August 7, 2020, and Cohort 2 (N=16) between September 28 - October 9, 2020.

Identifying perceived barriers and enablers of healthy eating in college students in Hawai'i: a qualitative study using focus groups.

Background: To design effective nutrition education interventions for college students, research is needed to determine the factors influencing food choices. The purpose of this study was to identify perceived barriers and enablers of healthy eating in college students ages 18-24 at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.

Methods: Prior to conducting focus groups, an interview guide was developed based on a literature review of relevant studies.

Identifying and assessing factors affecting farmers' markets Electronic Benefit Transfer sales in Hawai'i.

Objective: Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) placement at farmers' markets can reduce access disparities for low-income consumers. However, resources needed to operate EBT programs may challenge markets' business models. A conceptual model of factors impacting EBT program success was developed from literature, and an exploratory study conducted to assess the impact of model variables on market EBT sales.

The Healthy Hawai'i Initiative: insights from two decades of building a culture of health in a multicultural state.

Background: The Healthy Hawai'i Initiative was created in 2000 with tobacco settlement funds as a theory-based statewide effort to promote health-supporting environments through systems and policy change. Still active today, it is imbedded explicitly in a multi-sectoral, social ecological approach, effectively striving to build a culture of health before this was the name for such an ambitious effort.

Methods: From interviews with key informants, we analyze two decades of the Healthy Hawai'i Initiative (HHI) in the context of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Culture of Health Action Framework (CHAF).

Identifying Urban Immigrant Food-Cultivation Practices for Culturally-Tailored Garden-Based Nutrition Programs.

Garden-based nutrition programs are used to address food access and nutrition in low-income communities. In urban immigrant communities, food-growing practices may be shaped by environmental and cultural factors, and may not reflect the assumptions behind these curricula. Built-environment research was adapted to develop a protocol for assessing a community's gardening practices.

Using Deliberative Pedagogy as a Tool for Critical Thinking and Career Preparation Among Undergraduate Public Health Students.

Engagement of undergraduate public health students in active learning pedagogy has been identified as critical for recruitment, retention, and career preparation efforts. One such tool for engagement that has proven successful in STEM programs is deliberative pedagogy, where it is used to stimulate student interest in research and policy applications of technical course content. Broadly applied, deliberative pedagogy is a consensus model of decision-making, applied as an in-class exercise, where students work in small groups and model a community task force with assigned group roles.

Using spatial analysis to examine best placement of electronic benefit transfer services at farmers' markets in Honolulu County, Hawaii, USA.

Objective: Farmers' market interventions are a popular strategy for addressing chronic disease disparities in low-income neighbourhoods. With limited resources, strategic targeting of interventions is critical. The present study used spatial analysis to identify where market interventions have the greatest impact on healthy food access within a geographic region.

Developing an Undergraduate Public Health Introductory Core Course Series.

The number of undergraduate public health education programs is increasing, but few publications provide examples of introductory public health courses that provide foundational knowledge and meet 2016 Council on Education in Public Health (CEPH) accreditation standards. This article presents the development and testing of a three-course, introductory series in public health at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM). Development was informed by best pedagogical practices in education, web review of existing programs, literature review, key informant interviews, and accreditation standards.

Health Literacy in a Social Context: Review of Quantitative Evidence.

Background: Conceptual literature has consistently noted that health literacy exists within a social context. This review examined how the intersection of social context and health literacy has been operationalized in quantitative, empirical research.

Methods: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we searched seven databases, including PubMed and CINAHL (The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), using a range of potentially relevant keywords, and we hand-searched bibliographies.

Influences on eating: a qualitative study of adolescents in a periurban area in Lima, Peru.

Background: Peruvian adolescents are at high nutritional risk, facing issues such as overweight and obesity, anemia, and pregnancy during a period of development. Research seeking to understand contextual factors that influence eating habits to inform the development of public health interventions is lacking in this population. This study aimed to understand socio-cultural influences on eating among adolescents in periurban Lima, Peru using qualitative methods.

Assessing Face Validity of a Food Behavior Checklist for Limited-resource Filipinos.

Diet-related chronic health conditions are prevalent in the Filipino American community; however, there is a lack of rigorously validated nutrition education evaluation tools in Tagalog for use in this population. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the face validity of a Tagalog-language food behavior checklist (FBC). A multi-step method was used, involving translation of questionnaire text from English to Tagalog by a team of professionals, creation of accompanying color photographs, cognitive testing with the target population, final review by the team of professionals, and assessment of readability.

Mapping the Possibilities: Using Network Analysis to Identify Opportunities for Building Nutrition Partnerships Within Diverse Low-Income Communities.

Objective: To identify communication and collaboration patterns among organizations involved in nutrition education within an ethnically diverse low-income community.

Design: A snowball sample methodology was used to identify 27 organizations involved in nutrition activities in the community. The researchers conducted an online survey and network analysis to identify communication and collaboration patterns among these organizations.

Assessing state-level active living promotion using network analysis.

Background: Physical inactivity is a growing problem in the United States, one that is being addressed through the development of active living communities. However, active living promotion requires collaboration among organizations that may not have previously shared goals.

Methods: A network analysis was conducted to assess Hawaii's active living promotion network.

Avoiding a knowledge gap in a multiethnic statewide social marketing campaign: is cultural tailoring sufficient?

In 2007, the State of Hawaii, Healthy Hawaii Initiative conducted a statewide social-marketing campaign promoting increased physical activity and nutrition. The campaign included substantial formative research to develop messages tailored for Hawaii's multiethnic Asian and Pacific Islander populations. The authors conducted a statewide random digital dialing telephone survey to assess the campaign's comparative reach among individuals with different ethnicities and different levels of education and income.

Capacity building to improve women's health in rural China.

The Women's Reproductive Health and Development Program (WRDHP) is an ambitious attempt to operationalize two important tenets of health development thinking within a rural reproductive health context. First, it is important for communities to participate in decisions about the services and programs that affect them. Secondly, the complex nature of healthcare is best addressed by intervention processes which call for a multi-functional approach to planning and coordination.