The Incidence of Posterolateral Tibial Plateau and Central Lateral Femoral Condylar Impaction Fractures in a Pediatric and Young Adult Population.

Background: Posterolateral tibial plateau and central lateral femoral condylar impaction fractures are known to occur in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. There have been no prior investigations into the incidence and morphology of posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures in the setting of ACL injury in a pediatric population.

Methods: Patients between 9 and 22 years of age with knee magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) performed demonstrating complete or partial ACL tear were included in this study.

Skeletally Immature Patients With Classic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Bone Bruise Patterns Have a Higher Likelihood of Having an Intact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Compared With Skeletally Mature Patients.

Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in skeletally immature patients with an ACL bone contusion pattern has been sparsely investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether physeal status has an influence on the likelihood of sustaining an ACL tear when classic bipolar ACL bone bruising pattern is present.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging reports were queried for "contusion" on all patients between 6 and 22 years between 2015 and 2019.

Virtual Standardized Patients for Mental Health Education.

Purpose Of Review: The training of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals requires education on a range of interpersonal, communication, and psychotherapy techniques. Classroom and workshop training must be augmented by experiential learning with feedback for skill implementation with fidelity. Virtual standardized patients (VSPs) are computerized conversational agents that can support experiential learning through standardized, consequence-free training environments at reduced costs.

Cobalt Release from a Nanoscale Multiphase Lithiated Cobalt Phosphate Dominates Interaction with MR-1 and SB491.

Cobalt phosphate engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are an important class of materials that are used as lithium ion battery cathodes, catalysts, and potentially as super capacitors. As production of these nanomaterials increases, so does the likelihood of their environmental release; however, to date, there are relatively few investigations of the impact of nanoscale metal phosphates on biological systems. Furthermore, nanomaterials used in commercial applications are often multiphase materials, and analysis of the toxic potential of mixtures of nanomaterials has been rare.

Understanding Nanoparticle Toxicity Mechanisms To Inform Redesign Strategies To Reduce Environmental Impact.

There has been a surge of consumer products that incorporate nanoparticles, which are used to improve or impart new functionalities to the products based on their unique physicochemical properties. With such an increase in products containing nanomaterials, there is a need to understand their potential impacts on the environment. This is often done using various biological models that are abundant in the different environmental compartments where the nanomaterials may end up after use.

Stabilization of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: Preservation and Improvement of Plasmonic Functionalities.

Noble metal nanoparticles have been extensively studied to understand and apply their plasmonic responses, upon coupling with electromagnetic radiation, to research areas such as sensing, photocatalysis, electronics, and biomedicine. The plasmonic properties of metal nanoparticles can change significantly with changes in particle size, shape, composition, and arrangement. Thus, stabilization of the fabricated nanoparticles is crucial for preservation of the desired plasmonic behavior.

Quaternary Amine-Terminated Quantum Dots Induce Structural Changes to Supported Lipid Bilayers.

The cytoplasmic membrane represents an essential barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment external to cells. Interaction with nanomaterials can alter the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane through the formation of holes and membrane thinning, which can ultimately lead to adverse biological impacts. Here we use supported lipid bilayers as experimental models for the cytoplasmic membrane to investigate the impact of quantum dots functionalized with the cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) on membrane structure.

Size dependent oxidative stress response of the gut of Daphnia magna to functionalized nanodiamond particles.

Nanodiamonds are a type of engineered nanomaterial with high surface area that is highly tunable and are being proposed for use as a material for medical imaging or drug delivery to composites. With their potential for widespread use they may potentially be released into the aquatic environment as are many chemicals used for these purposes. It is generally thought that nanodiamonds are innocuous, but toxicity may occur due to surface functionalization.

Using an environmentally-relevant panel of Gram-negative bacteria to assess the toxicity of polyallylamine hydrochloride-wrapped gold nanoparticles.

We aim to establish the effect of environmental diversity in evaluating nanotoxicity to bacteria. We assessed the toxicity of 4 nm polyallylamine hydrochloride-wrapped gold nanoparticles to a panel of bacteria from diverse environmental niches. The bacteria experienced a range of toxicities as evidenced by the different minimum bactericidal concentrations determined; the sensitivities of the bacteria was = > MR-4 > > MR-1.

Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance for Selective Imaging of Diamond Nanoparticles.

While there is great interest in understanding the fate and transport of nanomaterials in the environment and in biological systems, the detection of nanomaterials in complex matrices by fluorescence methods is complicated by photodegradation, blinking, and the presence of natural organic material and other fluorescent background signals that hamper detection of fluorescent nanomaterials of interest. Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen-vacancy (N) centers in diamond nanoparticles provides a pathway toward background-free fluorescence measurements, as the application of a resonant microwave field can selectively modulate the intensity from N centers in nanodiamonds of various diameters in complex materials systems using on-resonance and off-resonance microwave fields. This work represents the first investigation showing how nanoparticle diameter impacts the N center lifetime and thereby directly impacts the accessible contrast and signal-to-noise ratio when using ODMR to achieve background-free imaging of Nnanodiamonds in the presence of interfering fluorophores.

Quantification of Free Polyelectrolytes Present in Colloidal Suspension, Revealing a Source of Toxic Responses for Polyelectrolyte-Wrapped Gold Nanoparticles.

Polyelectrolyte (PE) wrapping of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) is a standard method to control NP surface chemistry and charge. Because excess polyelectrolytes are usually employed in the surface modification process, it is critical to evaluate different purification strategies to obtain a clean final product and thus avoid ambiguities in the source of effects on biological systems. In this work, 4 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were wrapped with 15 kDa poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and three purification strategies were applied: (a) diafiltration or either (b) one round or (c) two rounds of centrifugation.

'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Titers in and Infection Effects on Potato Tuber Chemistry of Promising Germplasm Exhibiting Tolerance to Zebra Chip Disease.

Long-term sustainable management of zebra chip (ZC) disease of potato requires development of tolerant or resistant germplasm. To this end, 283 potato varieties and breeding clones were infected with the ZC putative causal agent 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) by potato psyllid vector inoculations in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013. Potato germplasm was then examined for development of fresh and fried ZC symptoms.

On-chip evaluation of platelet adhesion and aggregation upon exposure to mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are promising drug delivery agents; however, their interaction with various in vivo biological components is still under investigation. In this work, the impact of sub-50 nm diameter mesoporous silica nanoparticles on platelet function is investigated using a microfluidic platform to model blood vessel characteristics. Platelet adhesion and aggregation in the presence of mesoporous silica nanoparticles is investigated, controlling whether or not platelets are activated ahead of nanoparticle exposure.

"Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" titer over time in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) after acquisition from infected potato and tomato plants.

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a serious pest of potato and other solanaceous crops. B. cockerelli has been associated with the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso), the causal agent of zebra chip, a new and economically important disease of potato in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand.

Site-saturation mutagenesis of position V117 in OXA-1 β-lactamase: effect of side chain polarity on enzyme carboxylation and substrate turnover.

Class D β-lactamases pose an emerging threat to the efficacy of β-lactam therapy for bacterial infections. Class D enzymes differ mechanistically from other β-lactamases by the presence of an active-site N-carboxylated lysine that serves as a general base to activate the serine nucleophile for attack. We have used site-saturation mutagenesis at position V117 in the class D β-lactamase OXA-1 to investigate how alterations in the environment around N-carboxylated K70 affect the ability of that modified residue to carry out its normal function.

Effects of liberibacter-infective Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) density on zebra chip potato disease incidence, potato yield, and tuber processing quality.

In plant pathosystems involving insect vectors, disease spread, incidence, and severity often depend on the density of the vector population and its rate of infectivity with the disease pathogen. The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), has recently been associated with zebra chip (ZC), an emerging and economically important disease of potato in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum," a previously undescribed species of liberibacter has been linked to the disease and is transmitted to potato by B.

EGFR ligands exhibit functional differences in models of paracrine and autocrine signaling.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) family peptides are ligands for the EGF receptor (EGFR). Here, we elucidate functional differences among EGFR ligands and mechanisms underlying these distinctions. In 32D/EGFR myeloid and MCF10A breast cells, soluble amphiregulin (AR), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), neuregulin 2 beta, and epigen stimulate greater EGFR coupling to cell proliferation and DNA synthesis than do EGF, betacellulin, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and epiregulin.

Effects of Temperature on 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and Zebra Chip Potato Disease Symptom Development.

Temperature has been shown to have a significant effect on development of liberibacter species associated with citrus Huanglongbing disease. 'Candidatus Liberibacter africanus' and 'Ca. L.

Vector transmission efficiency of liberibacter by Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in zebra chip potato disease: effects of psyllid life stage and inoculation access period.

Successful transmission of plant pathogens by insects depends on the vector inoculation efficiency and how rapidly the insect can effectively transmit the pathogen to the host plant. The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), has recently been found to transmit "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum," a bacterium associated with zebra chip (ZC), an emerging and economically important disease of potato in several parts of the world. Currently, little is known about the epidemiology of ZC and its vector's inoculation capabilities.

ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neural developmental disorder in which patients display significantly reduced brain size. Mutations in Abnormal Spindle Microcephaly (ASPM) are the most common cause of MCPH. Here, we investigate the underlying functions of Aspm in brain development and find that Aspm expression is critical for proper neurogenesis and neuronal migration.

Complications of the Weil osteotomy.

Introduction. The Weil osteotomy is commonly used for multiple forefoot pathologies yielding metatarsalgia. Despite its common use, the Weil osteotomy is associated with a high complication rate.

Incidence of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma in local populations of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus, in Washington State.

Phytoplasma diseases are increasingly becoming important in vegetable crops in the Pacific Northwest. Recently, growers in the Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley experienced serious outbreaks of potato purple top disease that caused significant yield loss and a reduction in tuber processing quality. It was determined that the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma was the causal agent of the disease in the area and that this pathogen was transmitted by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

Cdk5rap2 interacts with pericentrin to maintain the neural progenitor pool in the developing neocortex.

Primary autosomal-recessive microcephaly (MCPH) and Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) are both genetic diseases that result in decreased brain size at birth. MCPH is thought to arise from alterations in the size of the neural progenitor pool, but the cause of this defect has not been thoroughly explored. We find that one of the genes associated with MCPH, Cdk5rap2, is highly expressed in the neural progenitor pool and that its loss results in a depletion of apical progenitors and increased cell-cycle exit leading to premature neuronal differentiation.