Proximity Ligation Assay to Detect the Proximity Between Host Proteins and Viral Proteins of HIV-1.

The study of host-pathogen interaction often requires interrogating the protein-protein interactions and examining post-translational modifications of the proteins. Traditional protein detection strategies are limited in their sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities. The Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA), a versatile and powerful molecular technique, can overcome these limitations.

Impact of hyperthyroidism and its treatment on the outcome of mental health, occupational functioning, and quality of life: A naturalistic, prospective study.

Context Background: Hyperthyroidism has a major impact on mental health.

Aims: We intended to determine the magnitude of the unmet need for mental health support in patients with hyperthyroidism attending an endocrinology clinic.

Settings And Design: General Hospital Endocrine Department, Prospective Study.

Diagnostic utility of C-methionine PET/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism in a UK cohort: A single-centre experience and literature review.

Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder, with 80% of all cases usually caused by one single hyperfunctioning parathyroid adenoma. Conventional imaging modalities for the diagnostic work-up of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) include ultrasound of the neck, 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy, and four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT). However, the role of other imaging modalities, such as 11C-methionine PET/CT, in the care pathway for PHPT is currently unclear.

The novel HLA-C*12:365 allele identified in a Gujarati individual from India.

The novel HLA-C allele HLA-C*12:365 identified in an individual from the Gujarati population.

Genomic sequence of the HLA-A*02:01:209 allele identified in a solid organ recipient.

The novel HLA-A allele HLA-A*02:01:209 sequence identified in a solid organ recipient.

Thyroid autoantibodies.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TSH-R-Ab or TRAb) testing plays a pivotal role in arriving at the aetiological diagnosis in patients with thyrotoxicosis. A positive test establishes the diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD) while a negative result in conjunction with imaging studies supports other possible aetiologies. In patients with GD, TRAb levels at diagnosis and at the time of withdrawal of antithyroid drugs can identify patients who are unlikely to achieve remission and guide clinical management decisions.

Extended genomic sequence of the HLA-DRB1*13:129 allele identified in a donor from the Gujarati population.

The full-length genomic sequence of the HLA-DRB1*13:129 allele was identified in a donor of Gujarati population.

V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1): A potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmunity eventuates when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of the breakdown in immune tolerance. Targeting autoimmune diseases via immunomodulation has become an essential strategy in today's era. A B7 superfamily member immune checkpoint, the V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1), also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and B7x, is involved in negatively regulating T-cell activation.

Extended genomic sequence of the HLA-DRB1*14:04:07 and -DRB1*15:53 alleles from Gujarati individuals.

The extended genomic sequences of HLA-DRB1*14:04:07 and -DRB1*15:53 alleles were identified in the Gujarati individuals.

Genomic sequences of the HLA-DRB1*07:03 and HLA-DRB1*12:69 alleles identified in transplant donors.

The full length sequences of the HLA-DRB1*07:03 and HLA-DRB1*12:69 alleles identified in transplant donors.

Genomic sequence of the HLA-B*15:01:02 and HLA-C*08:72:01 alleles identified in Gujarati individuals.

The full length sequence of HLA-B*15:01:02 and HLA-C*08:72:01 are reported.

The COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy Among the People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in China: A Questionnaire Study.

To explore the attitudes and views of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on COVID-19 vaccination. An online interview questionnaire concerning the acceptance or hesitancy toward vaccination for COVID-19 was designed and 543 patients with IBD in China were invited to complete the structured self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Of all the participants, 50.

Biochemical assessment of adequate levothyroxine replacement in primary hypothyroidism differs with different TSH assays: potential clinical implications.

Aim: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) assays provided by Abbott Laboratories and Roche Diagnostics are used by approximately 75% of laboratories in the UK. We assessed the potential impact of Abbott and Roche TSH assay differences on the biochemical assessment of levothyroxine replacement in primary hypothyroidism.

Method: Samples from 100 consecutive primary care patients (83 women, median age 64 years, IQR 51-73 years) with primary hypothyroidism on adequate levothyroxine based on an Abbott Architect TSH in the reference range were analysed for TSH on Roche cobas within 24 hours.

Recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism: a diagnostic and management dilemma.

Summary: Primary hyperparathyroidism requires a surgical approach to achieve a long-term cure. However, post-surgical recurrence significantly complicates the management of this condition. A number of causes for recurrent disease are well understood and several diagnostic modalities exist to localise the culprit parathyroid adenoma although none of them is efficacious in localisation of the recurrent lesion.

Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing: Route for a Novel, Safe, and Convenient Delivery of Washed Microbiota Transplantation in Children.

Aim: Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) has been used for delivering fecal microbiota transplantation by washed preparation since 2015, which was recently named as washed microbiota transplantation (WMT). However, there are few reports available regarding the feasibility and safety of these studies in low-age population. This study is aimed at evaluating the safety, feasibility, and value of colonic TET in 3-7 years old children.

Skin decontamination efficacy of sulfur mustard and VX in the pig model: A comparison between Fuller's earth and RSDL.

Skin decontamination following exposure to chemical agents is a most important component of the individual defense doctrine, removing the agent, ceasing its penetration and preventing secondary contamination of the first responders. The goal of the current study was to compare the efficacy of Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL) and Fuller's Earth (FE) following exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) and VX, aiming to find the optimal procedure for mass casualty decontamination protocol. Decontamination efficacy was evaluated in pigs by measurement of lesion area and erythema (SM) and cholinesterase inhibition and clinical symptoms (VX).

Retinal vein occlusion as the presenting feature of Cushing's syndrome.

A 53-year-old man presented to his optician with blurring of vision in the right eye and was diagnosed to have branch retinal vein occlusion. Over the following 3 months, he had further progressive visual impairment due to right central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and then left CRVO. Soon thereafter, during a hospital admission for infected submandibular gland, he was noted to have secondary hypothyroidism and persistent hypokalaemia which led to the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

The diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism is assay-dependent- Implications for clinical practice.

Objective: We assessed the commutativity of Roche and Abbott thyroid assays in the diagnosis and management of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). The Roche and Abbott thyroid assays are used by approximately 75% of clinical laboratories in the UK.

Method: Consecutive samples received from primary care on patients with SCH who had a raised thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <10 mIU/L and a normal free thyroxine (fT4) from two laboratories using either Roche or Abbott thyroid assays were identified over 10 working days.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression - The value of salivary cortisol and cortisone in assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal recovery.

Background: The 0.25 mg short synacthen test is used to assess recovery from hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression due to chronic glucocorticoid administration. We assessed the potential role of salivary cortisol and cortisone in predicting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function using the short synacthen test as the gold standard test.

Colonic transendoscopic tube-delivered enteral therapy (with video): a prospective study.

Background: Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) refers to colonic transendoscopic tube-delivered enteral therapy. Colonic TET has been successfully used for frequent colonic administration of drugs or multiple fecal microbiota transplantations (FMTs). This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate possible factors affecting methodology, feasibility and safety of colonic TET.

Enhancing patient adherence to fecal microbiota transplantation maintains the long-term clinical effects in ulcerative colitis.

Objectives: The way to improve the long-term efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study mainly dedicated to the UC patients' satisfaction with FMT and the importance of patients' adherence to repeated FMT for long-term clinical outcomes.

Methods: Patients with UC who underwent FMT at our center from November 2012 to September 2018 were included.