Synthesis and Properties of Ethylene/propylene and Ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidene-2-norbornene Copolymers Obtained on -Et(2-MeInd)ZrMe/Isobutylaluminium Aryloxide Catalytic Systems.

Ethylene/propylene (E/P) and ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (E/P/ENB) copolymers were obtained on -Et(2-MeInd)ZrMe activated by a number of isobutylaluminium aryloxides: (2,6-BuPhO-)AlBu (1-DTBP) (2,6-Bu,4-Me-PhO-)AlBu (1-BHT), (2,4,6-BuPhO-)AlBu (1-TTBP), (2,6-Bu,4-Me-PhO-)AlBu (2-BHT), (2,6-BuPhO-)2AlBu (2-DTBP), [(2-Me,6-Bu-CHO)AlBu] (1-MTBP), [(2,6-Ph-PhO)AlBu] (1-DPP). This study shows how the structure of an activator influences catalytic activity and polymer properties, such as the copolymer composition, molecular weight characteristics, and thermophysical and mechanical properties. It has been shown that both the introduction of a bulky substituent in the para-position of the aryloxy group and the additional aryloxy group in the structure of an activator lead to a significant decrease in activity of the catalytic system in all studied copolymerization processes.

Efficacy of trimetazidine - an inhibitor of free fatty acids oxidation in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris and heart failure.

Aim      To evaluate efficacy of modified-release trimetazidine (TMZ) included into the standard therapy for patients with stable angina and chronic heart failure (CHF) as a part of a subgroup analysis in the PERSPECTIVE study.Material and methods  The study included 806 patients: group 1 (n=691), patients receiving a standard therapy and modified-release TMZ (TMZ group); and group 2 (n=115), patients receiving a standard therapy (control group). Total duration of the study was 12 months.

A Nationwide pilot project to develop rehabilitation services for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To measure progress towards introducing a 3-phase rehabilitation programme, based on the multidisciplinary approach, for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: Seventeen hospital and outpatient medical centres from 13 regions of the Pilot Project. Baseline questionnaires assessed the involvement of multidisciplinary teams, staffing, and the equipment in healthcare facilities.

Clinical Efficacy of а Medical Centre- and Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease After Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery.

Background: Rehabilitation measures are crucial for maintaining clinical benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of a medical centre- and home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients after CABG in an out-patient setting.

Methods: The study included 36 male patients 3-8 weeks after CABG that were randomly assigned to either study or control group.

[Recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Atherosclerosis Society on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management of Dyslipidemias. for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemia Treatment (2016): Basic S.G.].

This review summarizes the main provisions of the new, issued in 2016, recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and Atherosclerosis Society in cooperation with the European Association on Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation on Cardiovascular disease prevention and Management of dyslipidemia. In these recommendations, the following trends can be traced distinctly: priority in primary prevention is given to non-drug methods of influence; targets of hypolipidemic therapy are identified not only for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (CH), but also for non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) CH, especially in cases of concomitant hypertriglyceridemia. In the field of therapy, in which statins remain the main tool of correction of hyperlipidemia, it is recommended to more widely resort to the use of combination therapy, especially in cases of familial hypercholesterolemia or intolerance to statins; introduction of a new class of drugs- inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 makes it possible to further reduce the level of LDLCH, lipoprotein(a) more than 60%.

[The Complex Program of Rehabilitation of Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Ambulatory Cardiorehabilitational Department: Clinical Effects of Third Stage of Rehabilitation].

Purpose: to assess clinical efficacy of early post discharge rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in conditions of a polyclinical department of cardiological rehabilitation (stage III of cardiorehabilitation).

Material And Methods: We included in this study 36 men with IHD in 3-8 weeks (mean 7.8+/-1.

The effect of maximal vs submaximal exertion on postprandial lipid levels in individuals with and without coronary heart disease.

Background: Decisions about fat consumption and levels of physical activity are among the everyday choices we make in life and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) can be affected by those choices.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a standard fat load combined with physical exertion of different intensities on the plasma lipid profile of CHD patients and CHD-free individuals.

Methods: This study looked at the influence of different intensities of physical exercise on postprandial lipid metabolism in 20 healthy men and 36 men with diagnosis of CHD.

[Novel Approaches to Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Survivors of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction].

All available data on rehabilitation and secondary prevention after ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEAMI) are summarized in corresponding first national recommendations. These recommendations are based on legislative acts concerning medical rehabilitation which have been adopted in Russian Federation during recent years. Recommendations have also taken into account experience of Russian investigators and special national features of development of cardiorehabilitation system as well as possibilities of creation of its material-technical base in this country.

Osmotolerant yeast species differ in basic physiological parameters and in tolerance of non-osmotic stresses.

Osmotolerance is the ability to grow in an environment with a high osmotic pressure. In this study we compared the physiological parameters and tolerance to osmotic and non-osmotic stresses of three osmotolerant yeast species, Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia farinosa (sorbitophila) and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, with those of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the osmotolerant species did not differ significantly in their basic parameters, such as cell size or growth capacity, they had different abilities to survive anhydrobiosis, potassium limitation or the presence of toxic cationic drugs.

[A home exercise training program after acute coronary syndrome and/or endovascular coronary intervention: efficiency and a patient motivation problem].

Aim: To analyze the impact of a home exercise training (ET) program on quality of life, motor activity (MA), dietary habit, functional and biochemical parameters, and clinical course of the disease in patients who have experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or endovascular coronary intervention (ECI).

Subjects And Method: The trial included 100 patients after ECL who were randomized into 2 groups: those who had gone through Patient School (PS) and received a 6-week course of controlled ET (a study group (Group S)) and those who had gone through PS only (a control group (Group C). The patients of both groups were recommended a home ET program and, according to its implementation, they formed 2 subgroups: Subgroup A (home ET+) comprising 51 patients who had trained themselves at home) and Subgroup B (home ET-) consisting of 46 patients who had not.

Characteristics of mining-ecological monitoring of environmental objects changing under the influence of toxic waste tailing dump ("Solnechny GOK" Company).

The article considers the characteristics of mining-ecological monitoring of environmental objects changing under the influence of toxic waste tailing dump (OAO "Solnechny GOK" Company).

[The use of a short program of physical training in patients with ischemic heart disease after endovascular (coronary) interventions in complex program of rehabilitation and secondary prevention at dispensary-ambulatory stage].

Aim of the study was to assess efficacy of a short program of medium intensity physical training of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after endovascular intervention (EVI) in conditions of practical health care of Russia. Patients (n=100) were randomized into 2 groups - intervention (main group "M", n=50) and control (group "C", n=50) during weeks 2-8 after EVI. Efficacy of undertaken measures was assessed by results of laboratory (lipids), instrumental (electrocardiogram - ECG, exercise test on veloergometer - VEM-test, echocardiography - EchoCG) and clinical investigations.

[Treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and other stroke risk factors in clinical practice. The PROGNOS program].

Aim: To analyse recent data on the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) with other risk factors (RF) of cerebral stroke in the Russian Federation, assessment of effects of antihypertensive treatment with a combined drug Hyzaar on the risk of cardiovascular complications (including cerebral stroke), on affection of target organs and metabolic factors of atherosclerosis.

Material And Methods: A total of 500 outpatients with primary AH and risk factors including the risk of stroke received Hyzaar (losartan 50/100 mg and hydrochlorthiaside 12.5/25 mg) for one year.

[Physical training at ambulatory-polyclinical stage in complex rehabilitation and secondary prevention of patients with ischemic heart disease after acute incidents. Effect on physical working capacity, hemodynamics, blood lipids, clinical course and prognosis (Russian cooperative study)].

Aim: To investigate efficacy of early and long term physical training (PT) of moderate intensity in conditions of practical health care in Russia in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) of able to work age - survivors of acute coronary events.

Material And Methods: Three hundred ninety two patients were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into intervention group " O" (n=197) and control group " C" (n=195).

[Exercise in outpatient complex rehabilitation and secondary prophylaxis in patients with ischemic heart disease after acute coronary events (a cooperative trial in Russia)].

Aim: To assess efficacy of early and long-term exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after acute coronary events (acute myocardial infarction--AMI, unstable angina--UA, coronary artery bypass grafting--CABG) in wide outpatient medical practice of Russia.

Material And Methods: Three to eight weeks after the acute coronary event (ACE) 373 patients from different clinics of RF regions were randomized into two groups: the study group (n = 188) and a control one (n = 185). Both groups received standard therapy, the study group performed also a special exercise program (moderate exercise for maximum 1 hour 3 times a week for a year).

[Rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease at outpatient stage.].

The article is assigned to general practitioners and devoted to the outpatient combined rehabilitation of coronary heart disease patients, including those after myocardial infarction. In the part concerning the physical rehabilitation there is given the classification of patients by functional classes, the exercise programs of middle intensity for sport and home training. The formula of selection of the walking training temp according to the results of exercise stress test is given.

[Physical activity and atherosclerosis: effect of dynamic activity of various intensity on parameters of lipid-transport system and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes].

Effect of single bout of dynamic physical exercise on parameters of lipid-transport system and carbohydrate metabolism and hormones (insulin, cortisol) in the blood was studied in patients with coronary heart disease with class I-III angina and type 2 diabetes. Intensity of exercise was limited by severity of stable effort angina and was > 95, 80 and 70% of predicted maximum in patients with class I (n=10), II (n=12) and III (n=14) angina, respectively. High intensity exercise provoked development of atherogenic dyslipidemia: elevation of levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, and lowering of levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1.

[Atorvastatin: lipid lowering activity, pleiotropic properties and efficacy in prevention of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease].

The review presents data on pharmacological properties of atorvastatin, its lipid lowering activity, and action on main mechanisms of atherogenesis. Favorable pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin such as normalization of endothelial function, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antioxidant activity contribute to stabilization of atheromatous plaques. Clinical trials revealing early and significant effects of the drug on main end points have demonstrated its high value for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis.

[Correlation of lipemia level after fat loading with manifestation of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries].

Aim: To examine relationships between lipemia, atherogenicity of blood lipoproteins spectrum after fat loading (FL) and severity of angiographic manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis.

Material And Methods: The study enrolled 72 males free of ischemic heart disease (IHD)--group 1; 60 IHD patients with moderate affection of the coronary arteries (CA), i.e.

[Physical exercise and atherosclerosis: proatherogenic effects of high and moderate intensity static exercise on blood lipid transport system].

Effects of high (100 and 80 kg) and moderate (60 kg) intensity static leg exercise on blood serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B were studied in healthy subjects (n=11) and patients with coronary heart disease and class I angina (n=11). Static leg exercise with loads exceeding 60 kg were associated with atherogenic changes of blood lipid transport system: elevation of levels of triglycerides, apoprotein B and apo B/A ratio both in healthy subjects and patients, and of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients. These post exercise changes were more pronounced in the presence of fasting hyperlipidemia and their severity increased with increase in duration of exercise.

[Physical exercise and atherosclerosis: dynamic high intensity exercise as a factor inducing exogenous dyslipidemia].

Effect of dynamic exercise of various intensity (maximal 100% and submaximal -- 80, 70 and 60% of individual maximally tolerated work load) on blood lipids, lipo- and apolipoproteins (apo) was studied in healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease. Both in healthy persons and patients high intensity (100 and 80%) exercise was associated with atherogenic changes of lipid transport system: increases of levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and apo B/apo-A1 ratio. On the contrary, changes after exercise of moderate (60%) intensity (lowering of apo-B containing lipoproteins in healthy subjects and patients and elevation of apo-A1 concentration in healthy subjects) were antiatherogenic.

[Syndrome of impaired tolerance to dietary fats in coronary heart disease].

Changes of main lipid and apolipoprotein parameters of lipid transport system during postprandial hyperlipidemia were studied in subjects without (n=72) and with (n=167) overt coronary heart disease (CHD) including patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes (n=48). Tolerance to dietary fat was evaluated by oral fat load test (consumption of 639+/-7 ml of 20% cream after fast). In subjects without CHD reaction of lipid transport system to fat load was characterized by lowered total, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein apo B and apo B/apo A-1 ratio, lowered or unchanged triglycerides, stable high density lipoprotein cholesterol level at the background of apo A-1 elevation by 6-th hour after load.