Shining light on DHX9: UV-induced stress granules illuminate protective mechanisms for daughter cell resilience.

In a recent article in Cell, Zhou et al. investigate the origins, composition, and biological consequences of UV-induced stress granules. They find that UV-induced stress granules are triggered by the formation of RNA-protein crosslinks, uniquely contain DHX9 as a marker, form during mitosis independently of translation repression, and are enriched in intron-containing RNAs and splicing factors.

dsRNA-induced condensation of antiviral proteins modulates PKR activity.

Mammalian cells respond to dsRNA in multiple manners. One key response to dsRNA is the activation of PKR, an eIF2α kinase, which triggers translational arrest and the formation of stress granules. However, the process of PKR activation in cells is not fully understood.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer in a Pediatric Patient-Case Report.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer is a rare entity in the spectrum of lymphoproliferative diseases associated with the EBV. It occurs typically in patients with immunosuppression associated with immunosenescence, as well as due to iatrogenic causes, posttransplant patients and primary immunodeficiency disorders. It is often a benign and self-limited disease that recedes by stopping or reducing the immunosuppressive agents in most of the cases.

Accuracy of Intraoperative Examination in Central Nervous System Lesions: A Study of 133 Cases.

Objective: Intraoperative examination is a highly valuable tool for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, helping the neurosurgeon to determine the best surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and to analyze the diagnostic disagreements and pitfalls of the intraoperative examinations through correlation with the final histopathological diagnosis in CNS lesions.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of intraoperative examination of CNS lesions and their final diagnosis obtained during 16 consecutive years.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration performed by surgeons newly trained in thyroid ultrasound.

Background: There are a growing number of thyroid ultrasound courses to train endocrinologists, pathologists, and surgeons to perform ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA). However, there are limited data to support the efficacy of ultrasound-guided FNA performed by nonradiologists.

Methods: We compared the efficacy of ultrasound-guided FNA performed by surgeons newly trained in thyroid ultrasound with that of the same technique performed by 1 experienced radiologist.

[Repeated fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules].

Introduction: The recently-proposed Bethesda reporting system has offered clinical recommendations for each category of reported thyroid cytology, including repeated fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for non-diagnostic and atypia/follicular lesions of undetermined significance, but there are no sound indications for repeated examination after an initial benign exam.

Objective: To investigate the clinical validity of repeated FNA in the management of patients with thyroid nodules.

Method: The present study evaluated 412 consecutive patients who had repeated aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules after an initial non-diagnostic, atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, or benign cytology.

Large molecular third-order optical nonlinearities in polarized carotenoids.

Garito and co-workers have suggested a mechanism to dramatically increase the second hyperpolarizability, gamma, in linear pi-electron-conjugated molecules. Polarization is introduced that leads to a difference between the dipole moments of the molecule's ground state and excited state. Here a series of carotenoids was examined that had increasing intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the polyenic chain to the acceptor moiety in the ground state, and gamma was measured for these compounds as a function of wavelength by third-harmonic generation.

Stark spectroscopy: applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science.

Stark spectroscopy has been applied to a wide range of molecular systems and materials. A generally useful method for obtaining electronic and vibrational Stark spectra that does not require sophisticated equipment is described. By working with frozen glasses it is possible to study nearly any molecular system, including ions and proteins.

Ultra-fast excited state dynamics in green fluorescent protein: multiple states and proton transfer.

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria has attracted widespread interest since the discovery that its chromophore is generated by the autocatalytic, posttranslational cyclization and oxidation of a hexapeptide unit. This permits fusion of the DNA sequence of GFP with that of any protein whose expression or transport can then be readily monitored by sensitive fluorescence methods without the need to add exogenous fluorescent dyes. The excited state dynamics of GFP were studied following photo-excitation of each of its two strong absorption bands in the visible using fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy (about 100 fs time resolution).

[Alternative vascular approaches in transluminal angioplasty of infra-inguinal arteries].

61 procedures using an alternative vascular access for PTA are reported. Puntures of mid and distal femoral arteries and popliteal arteries in antegrade as well as retrograde direction have been proven effective and sufficiently safe, when unfavourable anatomic situations did not allow the performance of a standard procedure. 14 cases necessitated puncture of and access via crural arteries.

[Computerized tomographic study of medieval coffins].

Two medieval coffins containing neonates were examined by CT. The advantages of using computed tomography, compared with conventional x-ray techniques, for analysing various objects within a receptacle are demonstrated.

[Isotope phlebography (author's transl)].

Various techniques for showing venous function are recognized. The value of isotope phlebography is shown here on 39 unselected cases in whom contrast filling was also carried out. Rapid injection of 2 m Ci TC 99m into a dorsal vein of the foot produced isotope phlebograms with a Dyna camera 2 C.

[Radiologic diagnosis of secondaries in the liver (author's transl)].

A diagnosis of secondaries in the liver carries considerable weight in prognosis and treatment, particularly pre-operatively, so that a possibly unnecessary operation may be avoided. Among techniques available for screening for metastases of the liver scintigraphy plays an important part. Besides laboratory tests and clinical examination it is relatively efficient and does not burden the patient.