Non-, a Treatable Provocateur of Parkinson's Disease: Hypothesis, Evidence and Species Specificity.

Epidemiological and eradication trial evidence indicates that , a major causative factor in peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, is a driver of the hypokinesia of Parkinson's disease (PD). Psychological (cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety) and gastrointestinal (peptic ulceration and constipation) PD features can precede the symptomatic onset of motor features by decades. We hypothesise that the non- (NHPH), which have farm, companion and wild animals as their main hosts, can have a role in PD aetiopathogenesis.

Faecal metabolite deficit, gut inflammation and diet in Parkinson's disease: Integrative analysis indicates inflammatory response syndrome.

Background: Gut-brain axis is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We take an integrated approach to considering the gut as a target for disease-modifying intervention, using continuous measurements of disease facets irrespective of diagnostic divide.

Methods: We characterised 77 participants with diagnosed-PD, 113 without, by dietary/exogenous substance intake, faecal metabolome, intestinal inflammation, serum cytokines/chemokines, clinical phenotype including colonic transit time.

Cytokine responsive networks in human colonic epithelial organoids unveil a molecular classification of inflammatory bowel disease.

Interactions between the epithelium and the immune system are critical in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we mapped the transcriptional landscape of human colonic epithelial organoids in response to different cytokines responsible for mediating canonical mucosal immune responses. By profiling the transcriptome of human colonic organoids treated with the canonical cytokines interferon gamma, interleukin-13, -17A, and tumor necrosis factor alpha with next-generation sequencing, we unveil shared and distinct regulation patterns of epithelial function by different cytokines.

(Poly)phenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review.

(Poly)phenols (PPs) may have a therapeutic benefit in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence-base in this regard. Observational evidence does not give a clear indication that PP intake has a preventative role for IBD or IBS, while interventional studies suggest these compounds may confer symptomatic and health-related quality of life improvements in known patients.

Duodenal mucosal resurfacing: Multicenter experience implementing a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is an endoscopic procedure which improves insulin resistant metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this report was to evaluate the feasibility and procedural aspects of DMR and to provide more specific DMR procedural guidance for endoscopists. In this international multicenter, prospective, open-label study, patients on oral anti-diabetic agents for treating T2DM underwent single DMR.

Role of in Neuropsychiatric Disease: A Systematic Review in Idiopathic Parkinsonism.

Interest in an aetiopathogenic role for in neuropsychiatric diseases started with idiopathic parkinsonism (IP), where the cardinal signs can be assessed objectively. This systematic review, using an EMBASE database search, addresses Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine based questions on the inter-relationship of and IP, the benefits of eradicating in IP and the outcome of not treating. The search strategy was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines: 21 of 204 articles met the inclusion criteria.

Distinctive Pathophysiology Underlying Constipation in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Cognitive Inefficiency.

Depression is associated with constipation within and outside Parkinson's disease (PD). Since inefficient cognitive-processing (bradyphrenia) features in PD and an enterokinetic agent improved cognitive performance in healthy individuals, bradyphrenia may be associated with constipation. We aim to define the archetypical bowel function of PD, and its association with cognition, mood, and motor features within and outside PD.

Hemostatic spray powder TC-325 in the primary endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer-related bleeding: multicenter international registry.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a leading cause of morbidity and is associated with a 2 % - 17 % mortality rate in the UK and USA. Bleeding peptic ulcers account for 50 % of UGIB cases. Endoscopic intervention in a timely manner can improve outcomes.

Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years: a multicenter study.

Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is associated with a short-term clinical response of 82 % to 100 % in treatment of patients with achalasia. Data are limited on the long-term durability of the clinical response in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing POEM for management of achalasia.

Golimumab: early experience and medium-term outcomes from two UK tertiary IBD centres.

Objective: To gain an understanding of the effectiveness of golimumab in a 'real-world' setting.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using prospectively maintained clinical records.

Setting: Two UK tertiary IBD centres.

Anaemia investigation in practice: inappropriate, cost inefficient with a risk of missing gastrointestinal cancer. Can we improve?

Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is often inappropriately investigated. This study aimed to improve referrals, estimate cost implications and determine effectiveness of referral criteria for diagnosing cancer. Patients referred for investigation of anaemia were studied.

Phagocyte dysfunction and inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are common chronic inflammatory disorders. The majority are idiopathic and can be broadly divided into Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their cause is unknown, but most hypotheses focus on a primary role for T-cell dysfunction.

Terminal ileal photography or biopsy to verify total colonoscopy: does the endoscope agree with the microscope?

Background: Various modalities exist to document the extent of colonoscopy, including a terminal ileum (TI) biopsy, which is considered the criterion standard by some authorities. A TI biopsy adds to procedure costs, is potentially hazardous, and the detection of pathology in routinely acquired biopsy specimens of a macroscopically normal TI is limited. A safer, less costly alternative for documenting total colonoscopy is desirable.