The Conversion of Human Tissue-Like Inflammatory Monocytes Into Macrophages.

Classical circulating LyC6 murine monocytes differentiate progressively from inflammatory tissue monocytes to mature macrophages (Mϕ) after entry into gut mucosa. This protocol provides a two-step in vitro culture method that replicates the human monocyte maturation cascade. First, purified circulating CD14 CD16 monocytes exposed to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin 23 (IL-23) differentiate into tissue-like inflammatory monocytes.

A two-step human culture system replicates intestinal monocyte maturation cascade: Conversion of tissue-like inflammatory monocytes into macrophages.

Monocyte maturation program into macrophages (MΦ) is well defined in murine gut under homeostatic or inflammatory conditions. Obviously, in vivo tracking of monocytes in inflamed tissues remains difficult in humans. Furthermore, in vitro models fall short in generating the surrogates of transient extravasated tissue inflammatory monocytes.

Correction: Two distinct colonic CD14 subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Transcriptomic Analysis and High-dimensional Phenotypic Mapping of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Reveal Differences Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are distinct forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Heterogeneity of HLA-DR+SIRPα + mononuclear phagocytes [MNPs], including macrophages [MΦ], monocyte-derived [Mono] cells, and dendritic cells [DCs], was reported in gut tissue but not yet investigated in mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs] of IBD patients. We here compared the phenotype, function, and molecular profile of HLA-DR+SIRPα + MNPs in CD and UC MLNs.

Differential Pathogenic Th17 Profile in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

The drug targets IL23 and IL12 regulate pathogenicity and plasticity of intestinal Th17 cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, studies examining Th17 dysregulation in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) of these patients are rare. We showed that in mLNs, CD could be distinguished from UC by increased frequencies of CCR6CXCR3RORγTbetCD4 (Th17) memory T cells enriched in CD62L effector memory T cells (T), and their differentially expressed molecular profile.

Two distinct colonic CD14 subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with dysregulated immune responses in the intestinal tissue. Four molecularly identified macrophage subsets control immune homeostasis in healthy gut. However, the specific roles and transcriptomic profiles of the phenotypically heterogeneous CD14 macrophage-like population in inflamed gut remain to be investigated in Crohn's disease (CD).

Recruitment of activated neutrophils correlates with disease severity in adult Crohn's disease.

Neutrophils are detected in inflamed colon in Crohn's disease (CD). However, whether the frequency and/or activation of circulating or gut tissue neutrophils correlate with endoscopic severity remains to be investigated. A cohort of 73 CD patients was prospectively enrolled according to endoscopic severity and treatment history.

Differential accumulation and function of proinflammatory 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells in lymph node and colon of Crohn's versus ulcerative colitis patients.

Human Slan DCs have been studied in patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the frequency, phenotype, and function of Slan DCs in blood, colon, as well as mLNs of patients with IBD. We first show that the frequency of circulating CD14(dull)Slan DCs was reduced in CD patients refractory to immunosuppressive drugs or TNF-α blockers relative to untreated CD, UC, and healthy subjects.

Glottal contact quotient in Mediterranean tongue trill.

Objective: To determine the effect of a Mediterranean tongue trill (Zalghouta) on estimated glottal closed quotient (CQ).

Material And Method: A total of 10 female subjects participated in this study. Vocal fold CQ was measured for both sustained vowel [a] and the tongue trill named Zlaghouta using electroglottography.