Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on insulin use in CKD and type 2 diabetes: Insights from the CREDENCE trial.

Background: Insulin is a mainstay treatment for diabetes, but its use is associated with weight gain and hypoglycaemia. Data on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on insulin use in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited.

Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial.

Blood Pressure Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence in Different Populations.

Purpose Of Review: Sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) are increasingly prescribed due to their considerable benefits on clinical outcomes in people with diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypertension is a common comorbidity in each of these disease states, increasing risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We herein review the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood pressure in different populations, proposed mechanisms of action, and the contribution of blood pressure lowering to end-organ protection.

Expansion of phenotype of DDX3X syndrome: six new cases.

Pathogenic variants in DDX3X have recently been identified to be a relatively common cause of intellectual disability in females. In this study, we describe six female probands, from five unrelated families, with five novel heterozygous variants in DDX3X, and the identification of potential germline mosaicism. Consistent features between this cohort and previously described cases include developmental delay or intellectual disability, growth disturbance and movement disorder.