Mortality after cancer diagnosis among children with congenital heart disease in Denmark and Sweden.

Background: Recent decades have witnessed tangible improvements in childhood cancer survival. However, the prognosis for children with congenital heart disease (CHD), the most prevalent birth defect, remains unclear. Due to improved survival of CHD and childhood cancer, evaluating outcomes within this intersection is important for clinical practice.

Young people with intellectual disability speak out about life after school: "I want to do more in life than just…be a disability person".

Background: The transition from school to adult life is challenging for young people with intellectual disability. The study aimed to explore how young people with intellectual disability themselves experience the transition from school to adult life.

Methods: A co-designed, qualitative study.

Validation of ICD-10 diagnostic coding for influenza in the Danish National Patient Registry.

Background: The accuracy of recorded diagnosis codes for hospital admissions due to influenza in the Danish national registries is uncertain. We evaluated positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity of ICD-10 codes for influenza by comparing to the reference standard of influenza test results.

Methods: Hospital admissions were assessed in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR), and influenza test results in the Danish Microbiology Database (MiBa).

Helminth infection induces innate immune priming in plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Heligmosomoides polygyrus co-infection is reported to have protective antiviral effects against pulmonary viral infections. To investigate a potential underlying mechanism, we infected C57BL/6 mice with H. polygyrus larvae for two weeks.

Usefulness of Aortic Valve Calcification in Patients With Low-Flow Aortic Stenosis.

Background: Aortic valve calcification (AVC) has been shown to be a powerful assessment of aortic stenosis (AS) severity and a predictor of adverse outcomes. However, its accuracy in patients with low-flow AS has not yet been proven. The objective of the study was to assess the predictive value of AVC in patients with classical low-flow (CLF, that is, low-flow reduced left ventricular ejection fraction) or paradoxical low-flow (PLF, that is, low-flow preserved left ventricular ejection fraction) AS.

Comprehensive genomic characterization of early-stage bladder cancer.

Understanding the molecular landscape of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is essential to improve risk assessment and treatment regimens. We performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of patients with NMIBC using whole-exome sequencing (n = 438), shallow whole-genome sequencing (n = 362) and total RNA sequencing (n = 414). A large genomic variation within NMIBC was observed and correlated with different molecular subtypes.

Coronary revascularisation deferral based on quantitative flow ratio or fractional flow reserve: a post hoc analysis of the FAVOR III Europe trial.

Background: Safe deferral of revascularisation is a key aspect of physiology-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While recent evidence gathered in the FAVOR III Europe trial showed that quantitative flow ratio (QFR) guidance did not meet non-inferiority to fractional flow reserve (FFR) guidance, it remains unknown if QFR might have a specific value in revascularisation deferral.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the safety of coronary revascularisation deferral based on QFR as compared with FFR.

Counselling and prescription of contraception related to pregnancy termination.

Introduction: Even though Denmark has the highest contraceptive use (42%) of the Nordic countries, 19% of all pregnancies in Denmark end in termination. Various contraceptive options are available, and unwanted pregnancies therefore ought to be avoidable. This study aimed to investigate if women received counselling and prescriptions for contraception during their termination and if this or other factors impacted their risk of repeat termination.

Changes in abdominal adipose tissues and ectopic fat depots during pregnancy are dissociated from gestational weight gain.

Objective: The study objective was to evaluate changes in abdominal adipose tissue and ectopic fat during pregnancy and their associations with gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with overweight/obesity.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Magnetic resonance scans were performed during gestational week (GW) 15, GW 32, and around birth to measure abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues, liver fat, and muscle fat.

The use and impact of prehospital blood lactate measurements in acute non-traumatic patients: a systematic review.

Background: The prehospital use of blood lactate measurements is increasing. However, the test's benefits have not been methodically evaluated in non-trauma patients. This study had three aims: (1) To assess the evidence of prehospital blood lactate measurements' prognostic value in non-trauma patients, (2) to investigate to what extent the test changed early patient treatment, and (3) to evaluate the healthcare personnel's attitude towards the test.

Predicting Persistent Reduced Physical Performance in Adults 65+ in Emergency Departments: A Temporal Validation.

Background And Purpose: Targeted interventions to maintain physical performance in older adults are important. We aimed to validate an existing 4-item prediction model and, if necessary, develop a new model for early identification of adults aged 65+ with persistent reduced physical performance.

Methods: A temporal validation study on adults aged 65+ admitted to the emergency department for medical reasons and who performed ≤8 repetitions in the 30-second chair-stand test (30s-CST) within the first 48 hours of admission.

Proteomic profiling of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection on dried blood spots.

Background: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is life-threatening, with a mortality of up to 70-80% when disseminated, often due to vague symptoms and delayed treatment. Neonatal screening using dried blood spot (DBS) samples is among the most impactful preventative health measures ever implemented, but screening for HSV has not been investigated.

Methods: We investigated high throughput multiplexed proteomics on DBS samples collected on days 2-3 of life from a nationwide cohort of neonates with HSV infection (n = 53) and matched controls.

Early host defense against virus infections.

Early host defense eliminates many viruses before infections are established while clearing others so they remain subclinical or cause only mild disease. The field of immunology has been shaped by broad concepts, including the pattern recognition theory that currently dominates innate immunology. Focusing on early host responses to virus infections, we analyze the literature to build a working hypothesis for the principles that govern the early line of cellular antiviral defense.

Key priorities for the implementation of the 2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Cardiomyopathies in low resource settings.

ESC Guidelines provide best practice, evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is not always possible for best practices to be followed, however, particularly in low-resource settings. To address this issue, a set of guideline-related documents were created to identify key priorities for users in these settings.

Clinical characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of preliminary diagnoses in adults with infections in Danish emergency departments: a multicentre combined cross-sectional and diagnostic study.

Objective: Rapid and accurate infection diagnosis is a prerequisite for appropriate antibiotic prescriptions in an ED. Accurately diagnosing acute infections can be difficult due to nonspecific symptoms and limitations of diagnostic testing. The accuracy of preliminary diagnoses, established on the initial clinical assessment, depends on a physician's skills and knowledge.

Effect of a high-protein and low-glycaemic index diet during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity on offspring metabolic health-A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with higher birth weight and increased risk of childhood obesity.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of a high-protein and low-glycaemic-index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy on offspring body composition and metabolic health.

Methods: We conducted a dietary intervention study in pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 28-45 kg/m who were randomly assigned to an HPLGI diet or a moderate-protein moderate-glycaemic-index (MPMGI) diet.

An optimized ensemble search approach for classification of higher-level gait disorder using brain magnetic resonance images.

Higher-Level Gait Disorder (HLGD) is a type of gait disorder estimated to affect up to 6% of the older population. By definition, its symptoms originate from the higher-level nervous system, yet its association with brain morphology remains unclear. This study hypothesizes that there are patterns in brain morphology linked to HLGD.

Success rates of decolonisation treatment and risk factors for chronic carriage in methicillin-resistant throat carriers: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Background: Throat carriage of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has previously been associated with lower decolonisation treatment success rates.

Objectives: To characterise decolonisation treatment and outcome in Danish MRSA throat carriers.

Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study included MRSA throat carriers between July, 2018 and June, 2019, in the Capital Region of Denmark.

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Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, leading to intralysosomal build-up of glycosphingolipids. In this case report, a 35-year-old male presented with thousands of angiokeratomas, primarily concentrated in the "bathing-trunk" area. Despite numerous visits to doctors in different specialities FD was not suspected.

Quantitative flow ratio versus fractional flow reserve for coronary revascularisation guidance (FAVOR III Europe): a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) or non-hyperaemic pressure ratios are recommended to assess functional relevance of intermediate coronary stenosis. Both diagnostic methods require the placement of a pressure wire in the coronary artery during invasive coronary angiography. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is an angiography-based computational method for the estimation of FFR that does not require the use of pressure wires.

Malnutrition in patients with obesity: An overview perspective.

Malnutrition in patients with obesity presents a complex and often overlooked clinical challenge. Although obesity is traditionally associated with overnutrition and excessive caloric intake, it can also coincide with varying degrees of malnutrition. The etiopathogenesis of obesity is multifaceted and may arise from several factors such as poor diet quality, nutrient deficiencies despite excess calorie consumption, genetics, and metabolic abnormalities affecting nutrient absorption and utilization.

Impact of Manufacturing Process and Compounding on Properties and Quality of Follow-On GLP-1 Polypeptide Drugs.

Purpose: The prevalence of follow-on and compounded products of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs is increasing. We assessed glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs semaglutide and liraglutide for purity, potential immunogenicity, and expected stability, by comparing a representative selection of commercially available follow-on drug substances (DSs) and drug products (DPs) with their corresponding originators.

Methods: Tests included several chromatography methods coupled with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detectors, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, dissolution analyses, in silico peptide/major histocompatibility complex II-binding prediction, and fibrillation assays.