Prevalence of high-risk HPV and cervical dysplasia in IUD users and controls: a cross sectional study.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of infections with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical dysplasia, and the clearance rate of HPV infections, in users of different kinds of intrauterine devices (IUDs) and other contraceptive methods.

Methods: A cross-sectional register-based study including 16,181 women aged 30-49 years participating in the screening programme for cervical cancer in a Swedish County in 2017-2018. Data on contraception from screening records was paired with the HPV test results, cytological and histological follow-up tests and subsequent HPV test.

Women's experiences of postpartum contraceptive services when elective caesarean section is the method of birth: a qualitative study.

Background: The unmet need for postpartum contraception is a global challenge. Postpartum placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) within 48 hours of vaginal delivery is available in many settings worldwide, but is not routinely practised in Sweden. To improve contraceptive services and facilitate the informed choice of IUD placement at the time of a caesarean section (CS), we performed this study to identify and describe women's experiences of contraceptive services before, during and after an elective CS.

Insufficient use of menopausal hormone therapy in Swedish women with early or premature menopause caused by bilateral oophorectomy: a register-based study.

Objective: To investigate the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in premenopausal women after bilateral oophorectomy.

Design: Retrospective register-based cohort study.

Setting: Sweden.

Maternal obesity and the risk of postpartum infections according to mode of delivery.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of different maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) classes on the risk of postpartum endometritis, wound infection, and breast abscess after different modes of delivery. Secondly to estimate how the risk of postpartum infection varies with different maternal BMI groups after induction of labor and after obstetric anal sphincter injuries.

Methods: A population-based observational study including women who gave birth during eight years ( = 841,780).

Fecal incontinence and associated pelvic floor dysfunction during and one year after the first pregnancy.

Introduction: Obstetric anal sphincter injury is an important risk factor for postpartum fecal incontinence but few studies have reported fecal incontinence occurring, even during pregnancy. The first objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of fecal incontinence, obstructed defecation and vaginal bulging early and late in pregnancy and postpartum. The second objective was to assess the association between symptoms in pregnancy, delivery characteristics, and bowel and vaginal bulging symptoms at 1 year postpartum.

Effectiveness, safety and overall satisfaction of early postpartum placement of hormonal IUD compared with standard procedure: An open-label, randomized, multicenter study.

Introduction: In this open-label, randomized controlled, non-inferiority, multicenter study we aimed to study the risk of termination of pregnancy within 1 year postpartum, the safety profile and patient acceptability after early postpartum insertion of a hormonal intrauterine device (LNG-IUS, Mirena®) compared with standard placement 6-8 weeks postpartum.

Material And Methods: April 2018 to January 2020 women with uncomplicated vaginal delivery at four urban birth centers in Sweden, were randomized to either early placement within 48 h after delivery (early group) or standard placement 6-8 weeks postpartum (standard group) of a hormonal intrauterine device. The main outcome measure was the proportion of terminations of pregnancies in each group during the first year after placement of the intrauterine device.

Differential effects of estradiol and progesterone on human T cell activation in vitro.

Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are steroid hormones important for the regulation of immune responses during pregnancy. Their increasing levels coincide with an improvement of T cell-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Although immune-endocrine interactions are involved in this phenomenon, the relative contribution of hormones is not known.

Examining the pace of change in contraceptive practices in abortion services - a follow-up case study of a quality improvement collaborative.

Background: Among all women who experienced an abortion in Sweden 2017, 45% had previously underwent at least one abortion. This phenomenon of increasing rates of repeat abortions stimulated efforts to improve contraceptive services through a Quality Improvement Collaborative (QIC) with user involvement. The participating teams had difficulty in coordinating access post-abortion to the most effective contraception, Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), during the eight-month QIC.

Sexual function changes attributed to hormonal contraception use - a qualitative study of women experiencing negative effects.

To increase the understanding of women who experience negative effects on sexual function when using hormonal contraception. We performed 24 in-depth interviews with women who had previously experienced negative sexual function effects while using hormonal contraceptives. The thematic analysis method was used.

Risk of abortion within 1-2 years after childbirth in relation to contraceptive choice: a retrospective cohort study.

The primary objective of the study was to investigate whether the choice of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) was associated with the risk of abortion over a period of 24 months postpartum. The secondary objective was to analyse whether other significant factors were affecting the risk of abortion during this period. In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed 11,066 women who had delivered in three Swedish cities during 2013 and 2014.

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Levonorgestrel in Women After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and in BMI-Matched Controls.

Background: Women are advised to primarily use non-oral contraceptive alternatives after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass since it is not known if the surgery affects the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives.

Methods: This is a multi-center, open label, phase 2 pharmacokinetic study performed at the University Hospital of Linköping and the Clinical Trials Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Fifteen women aged 18-40 years who had previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and reached a BMI < 30 were included.

Vitamin D deficiency at the time of delivery - Prevalence and risk of postpartum infections.

Background: Postpartum infections are a common cause of morbidity after childbirth. Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to increase the risk for several infections in a non-pregnant population. Vitamin D deficiency has been described as common in pregnant women.

A survey of young women's perceptions of the influence of the Levonorgestrel-Intrauterine System or copper-intrauterine device on sexual desire.

Objectives: Few studies, with contradictory results, evaluate intrauterine contraceptives (IUC) and sexual function specifically. This study compares perception of sexual desire related to IUC use and aspects of sexual function in women who use the Lng-IUS with those using the Cu-IUD.

Study Design: A secondary analysis regarding IUC use based on a larger cross-sectional survey of contraceptive use in Sweden, conducted in 2013.

Collaboratively seeking to improve contraceptive counselling at the time of an abortion: a case study of quality improvement efforts in Sweden.

Background: Many women find it difficult to choose and initiate a contraceptive method at the time of an abortion. There is a gap between regular clinical practice and existing evidence on motivational and person-centred counselling, as well as on use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). This study aims to describe and evaluate a Quality Improvement Collaborative (QIC) designed to enhance contraceptive services, with regard to changes in healthcare professionals' (HCPs') counselling in clinical practice, and in women's subsequent choice of, and access to, contraception.

Patterns of prescription and discontinuation of contraceptives for Swedish women with obesity and normal-weight women.

This study aimed to explore the prescription of different contraceptive methods to Swedish women with obesity and to compare the pattern of prescription and adherence to treatment between this group and normal-weight women. This study included 371 women with obesity and 744 matched normal-weight women, aged 18-40. Medical records were scrutinised for the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014.

Plasma concentrations of etonogestrel in women using oral desogestrel before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a pharmacokinetic study.

Objective: To investigate whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) affects oral desogestrel (etonogestrel) pharmacokinetics.

Design: Single centre, open label, phase-2 pharmacokinetic study.

Setting: University hospital of Linköping, Sweden.

Women's experiences of contraceptive counselling in the context of an abortion - An interview study.

Objective: To identify and understand women's lived experiences of contraceptive counselling given at the same time as abortion counselling.

Methods: We interviewed 13 women aged 20-39 who had experienced an abortion and the related counselling. The women were recruited from five hospitals in Sweden.

Immune profile in relation to sex steroid cyclicity in healthy women and women with multiple sclerosis.

To prospectively study systemic in vivo immunological effects of sex hormones, using different phases of oral combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC), and the natural menstrual cycles in both healthy women and in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), blood samples from sixty female MS patients and healthy controls with and without CHC were drawn in high and low estrogenic/progestogenic phases. Expression of Th-associated genes in blood cells was determined by qPCR and a panel of cytokines and chemokines was measured in plasma. High hormone level phases were associated with increases in Th1 (TBX21) and Th2 (GATA3) associated markers, as well as the B cell-associated chemokine CXCL13, while the inhibitory regulator CTLA-4 was decreased.

Ongoing or previous mental disorders predispose to adverse mood reporting during combined oral contraceptive use.

Purpose: Previous studies have emphasised that women with pre-existing mood disorders are more inclined to discontinue hormonal contraceptive use. However, few studies have examined the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on mood in women with previous or ongoing mental disorders.

Materials And Methods: This is a supplementary analysis of an investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial during which 202 women were treated with either a COC (1.