Core Body Temperatures in Intermittent Sports: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hyperthermia (and associated health and performance implications) can be a significant problem for athletes and teams involved in intermittent sports. Quantifying the highest thermal strain (i.e.

Heat Preparation and Knowledge at the World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships Muscat 2022.

Purpose: To assess elite racewalkers' preparation strategies, knowledge, and general practices for competition in the heat and their health status during the World Athletics Race Walking Teams Championships (WRW) Muscat 2022.

Methods: Sixty-six elite racewalkers (male: n = 42; mean age = 25.8 y) completed an online survey prior to WRW Muscat 2022.

Adherence and retention to the self-managed community-based Step Into Health program in Qatar (2012-2019).

Purpose: Investigate adherence and retention to the "Step Into Health (SIH)" initiative (www.stepintohealth.qa [website access only available from within the State of Qatar]), a Qatari self-managed community-based health program, from 2012 to 2019.

Montmorency tart cherry supplementation does not impact sleep, body composition, cellular health, or blood pressure in healthy adults.

Sleep disturbances are linked with cardiovascular and metabolic disease as well as poor body composition. To investigate the use of tart cherry supplements, which are high in antioxidants and may contain melatonin, on parameters of health such as sleep, body composition, cellular health, and blood pressure (BP). Forty-four participants had completed sleep record data and were included in this analysis.

Heat Adaptation and Nutrition Practices: Athlete and Practitioner Knowledge and Use.

Purpose: To survey elite athletes and practitioners to identify (1) knowledge and application of heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA) interventions, (2) barriers to HA application, and (3) nutritional practices supporting HA.

Methods: Elite athletes (n = 55) and practitioners (n = 99) completed an online survey. Mann-Whitney U tests (effect size [ES; r]) assessed differences between ROLE (athletes vs practitioners) and CLIMATE (hot vs temperate).

Thirty Days of Montmorency Tart Cherry Supplementation Has No Effect on Gut Microbiome Composition, Inflammation, or Glycemic Control in Healthy Adults.

Tart cherries possess properties that may reduce inflammation and improve glycemic control, however human data on supplementation and the gut microbiota is equivocal. Processing (i.e.

Pharmacological hypotheses: Is acetaminophen selective in its cyclooxygenase inhibition?

The precise mechanistic action of acetaminophen (ACT; paracetamol) remains debated. ACT's analgesic and antipyretic actions are attributed to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition preventing prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Two COX isoforms (COX1/2) share 60% sequence structure, yet their functions vary.

The Use of Recovery Strategies in Professional Soccer: A Worldwide Survey.

Purpose: To survey soccer practitioners' recovery strategy: (1) use, (2) perceived effectiveness, and (3) factors influencing their implementation in professional soccer.

Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of professional soccer club/confederation practitioners completed a web-based survey (April to July 2020). Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests with Cramer V (φ - c) assessed relationships and their strength, respectively, between the perceived effectiveness and frequency of strategy use.

Limiting Rise in Heat Load With an Ice Vest During Elite Female Rugby Sevens Warm-Ups.

Purpose: To determine the effect of wearing a phase-change cooling vest in elite female rugby sevens athletes during (1) a simulated match-day warm-up in hot conditions prior to a training session and (2) a prematch warm-up during a tournament in cool conditions.

Methods: This study consisted of 2 randomized independent group designs (separated by 16 d) where athletes completed the same 23- to 25-minute match-day warm-up (1) in hot conditions (range = 28.0°C to 35.

Additional Clothing Increases Heat Load in Elite Female Rugby Sevens Players.

Purpose: To determine whether elite female rugby sevens players are exposed to core temperatures (Tc) during training in the heat that replicate the temperate match demands previously reported and to investigate whether additional clothing worn during a hot training session meaningfully increases the heat load experienced.

Methods: A randomized parallel-group study design was employed, with all players completing the same approximately 70-minute training session (27.5°C-34.

The influence of environmental and core temperature on cyclooxygenase and PGE2 in healthy humans.

Whether cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) thermoregulatory pathways, observed in rodents, present in humans? Participants (n = 9) were exposed to three environments; cold (20 °C), thermoneutral (30 °C) and hot (40 °C) for 120 min. Core (Tc)/skin temperature and thermal perception were recorded every 15 min, with COX/PGE2 concentrations determined at baseline, 60 and 120 min. Linear mixed models identified differences between and within subjects/conditions.

Changes in Core Temperature During an Elite Female Rugby Sevens Tournament.

Purpose: To characterize player core temperature (Tc) across a World Rugby Women's Sevens Series tournament day (WRWSS) and determine the efficacy of commonly employed cold-water-immersion (CWI) protocols.

Methods: Tc was measured in 12 elite female rugby sevens athletes across 3 games (G1-3) from day 1 of the Sydney WRWSS tournament. Symptoms of exertional heat illness, perceptual scales, CWI details, playing minutes, external-load data (measured by global positioning systems), and wet-bulb globe temperature (range 18.

Physical fitness and physical self-concept of male and female young adults in Qatar.

Background: Physical inactivity is high within the Qatari population, particularly within females, and school-based environments, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. School-based physical activity (PA) outcomes may be mediated by physical self-concept. Low physical self-concept may negatively impact PA engagement, compromising childhood and adolescent physical fitness, which may translate into adulthood.

Breaking up prolonged sitting with moderate-intensity walking improves attention and executive function in Qatari females.

Background: Cultural, environmental and logistical factors promote a sedentary lifestyle within Qatar, particularly for females. Sedentary behaviour is acutely associated with poor cognitive function and fatigue, and chronically may be implicated with cognitive decline (i.e.

Postprandial Insulin and Triglyceride Concentrations Are Suppressed in Response to Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting in Qatari Females.

Cultural, environmental and logistical factors challenge the Qatari population, particularly females, to engage in physical activity, and there is a high prevalence of diabetes in this population. Sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risk and early mortality and breaking up sitting can attenuate postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers. However, no studies have evaluated the cardiometabolic response to breaking up sitting in a Qatari population.

Limiting the Rise in Core Temperature During a Rugby Sevens Warm-Up With an Ice Vest.

Purpose: To determine how a cooling vest worn during a warm-up could influence selected performance (countermovement jump [CMJ]), physical (global positioning system [GPS] metrics), and psychophysiological (body temperature and perceptual) variables.

Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, 12 elite male World Rugby Sevens Series athletes completed an outdoor (wet bulb globe temperature 23-27°C) match-specific externally valid 30-min warm-up wearing a phase-change cooling vest (VEST) and without (CONTROL), on separate occasions 7 d apart. CMJ was assessed before and after the warm-up, with GPS indices and heart rate monitored during the warm-ups, while core temperature (Tc; ingestible telemetric pill; n = 6) was recorded throughout the experimental period.

Is It Time We Changed How We Measure Length of Stay for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty?

Introduction: Patient length of stay (LOS) for lower limb arthroplasty is a frequently quoted outcome measure. However, the use of mean values in days is prone to being skewed by outliers.

Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2015, patient LOS for primary hip and knee replacement was collected in 1,168 patients.

Mixed-methods pre-match cooling improves simulated soccer performance in the heat.

This investigation examined the effects of three pre-match and half-time cooling manoeuvres on physical performance and associated physiological and perceptual responses in eight University soccer players during a non-motorised treadmill based individualised soccer-specific simulation [intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT)] at 30°C. Four randomised experimental trials were completed; following 30-min (pre-match) and 15-min (half-time) cooling manoeuvres via (1) ice slurry ingestion (SLURRY); (2) ice-packs placed on the quadriceps and hamstrings (PACKS); (3) mixed-methods (MM; PACKS and SLURRY concurrently); or no-cooling (CON). In iSPT first half, a moderate increase in total (Mean ± Standard Deviation: 108 ± 57 m, qualitative inference: most likely, Cohen's d: 0.

Hypoxic Air Inhalation and Ischemia Interventions Both Elicit Preconditioning Which Attenuate Subsequent Cellular Stress Following Blood Flow Occlusion and Reperfusion.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is valid technique which elicits reductions in femoral blood flow occlusion mediated reperfusion stress (oxidative stress, Hsp gene transcripts) within the systemic blood circulation and/or skeletal muscle. It is unknown whether systemic hypoxia, evoked by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has efficacy in priming the heat shock protein (Hsp) system thus reducing reperfusion stress following blood flow occlusion, in the same manner as IPC. The comparison between IPC and HPC being relevant as a preconditioning strategy prior to orthopedic surgery.

The Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA Responses to Hot Downhill Running Are Reduced Following a Prior Bout of Hot Downhill Running, and Occur Concurrently within Leukocytes and the Vastus Lateralis.

The leukocyte heat shock response (HSR) is used to determine individual's thermotolerance. The HSR and thermotolerance are enhanced following interventions such as preconditioning and/or acclimation/acclimatization. However, it is unclear whether the leukocyte HSR is an appropriate surrogate for the HSR in other tissues implicated within the pathophysiology of exertional heat illnesses (e.

Chronic probiotic supplementation with or without glutamine does not influence the eHsp72 response to a multi-day ultra-endurance exercise event.

Probiotic and glutamine supplementation increases tissue Hsp72, but their influence on extracellular Hsp72 (eHsp72) has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic probiotic supplementation, with or without glutamine, on eHsp72 concentration before and after an ultramarathon. Thirty-two participants were split into 3 independent groups, where they ingested probiotic capsules (PRO; n = 11), probiotic + glutamine powder (PGLn; n = 10), or no supplementation (CON; n = 11), over a 12-week period prior to commencement of the Marathon des Sables (MDS).

A Reduction in Maximal Incremental Exercise Test Duration 48 h Post Downhill Run Is Associated with Muscle Damage Derived Exercise Induced Pain.

To examine whether exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) and muscle soreness reduce treadmill maximal incremental exercise (MIE) test duration, and true maximal physiological performance as a consequence of exercise induced pain (EIP) and perceived effort. Fifty (14 female), apparently healthy participants randomly allocated into a control group (CON, = 10), or experimental group (EXP, = 40) visited the laboratory a total of six times: visit 1 (familiarization), visit 2 (pre 1), visit 3 (pre 2), visit 4 (intervention), visit 5 (24 h post) and visit 6 (48 h post). Both groups performed identical testing during all visits, except during visit 4, where only EXP performed a 30 min downhill run and CON performed no exercise.