Thermal-Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of the Impact of Structural Modifications on the Stress and Flow Parameters in a Nozzle Box Made of StE460 Steel.

This study explores the impact of structural modifications on the stress distribution and flow characteristics of a nozzle box in a steam turbine, specifically targeting the components made from high-strength StE460 steel. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) and Thermal-Fluid-Structure Interaction (Thermal-FSI) simulations, we examine the effects of shortening the nozzle guide vanes by 7 mm. This novel approach significantly reduces the stress levels within the nozzle box segments, bringing them below the critical thresholds and thus enhancing component durability.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Erosion on 900 MW Steam Turbine ND-45 Blades Using 3D Scanning.

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of erosion on the flow characteristics through the blade of the last stage of a 900 MW steam turbine. The primary objective is to understand how surface erosion, caused by prolonged steam exposure, affects flow behavior and the overall efficiency of a 900 MW class turbine. The research process began with a 3D scan of the turbine blade, using advanced laser scanning technology to create a detailed geometric model.

A Concept of Thermal Effort for Heat-Induced Metal Plasticity.

This paper proposes a new concept of material effort that considers heat-induced plasticity for heat-resistant steels. These steels indicate a strength differential effect, a stress shearness effect, pressure sensitivity, and other features. Therefore, a three-parameter, temperature-dependent yield function was presented and, next, analytically and geometrically researched.

Diverse and dynamic forms of gene regulation by the S. cerevisiae histone methyltransferase Set1.

Gene transcription is an essential and highly regulated process. In eukaryotic cells, the structural organization of nucleosomes with DNA wrapped around histone proteins impedes transcription. Chromatin remodelers, transcription factors, co-activators, and histone-modifying enzymes work together to make DNA accessible to RNA polymerase.

Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Soil Bulk Density Using Image Analysis of Soil Structure.

Soil bulk density is one of the most important soil properties. When bulk density cannot be measured by direct laboratory methods, prediction methods are used, e.g.

The Properties of Activated Carbons Functionalized with an Antibacterial Agent and a New SufA Protease Inhibitor.

is the cause of many diseases, including numerous infections of the skin. One way to help combat skin infections is to use bandages containing activated carbon. Currently, there are no dressings on the market that use the synergistic effect of activated carbon and antibiotics.

New Thermo-Reflective Coatings for Applications as a Layer of Heat Insulating Materials.

This paper presents new thermo-reflective coatings with different properties. Basic, anti-corrosion and self-extinguishing coatings were analyzed. The coatings were obtained with a thickness varying from 1 to 3 mm.

Histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation supports activation of transcription in S. cerevisiae during nutrient stress.

Mono-methylation of the fourth lysine on the N-terminal tail of histone H3 was found to support the induction of RNA polymerase II transcription in S. cerevisiae during nutrient stress. In S.

Cannabinoid-based therapy as a future for joint degeneration. Focus on the role of CB receptor in the arthritis progression and pain: an updated review.

Over the last several decades, the percentage of patients suffering from different forms of arthritis has increased due to the ageing population and the increasing risk of civilization diseases, e.g. obesity, which contributes to arthritis development.

Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for the treatment of pain: Current status and perspectives.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells of mesodermal origin. Due to their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into several cell types, MSCs have been extensively studied in experimental biology and regenerative medicine in recent years. Moreover, MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which might be partly responsible for their regenerative properties.

Sodium Monoiodoacetate Dose-Dependent Changes in Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Components as Prognostic Factors for the Progression of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects people over 65 years old. During OA progression irreversible cartilage, synovial membrane and subchondral bone degradation is observed, which results in the development of difficult-to-treat chronic pain. One of the most important factors in OA progression is joint inflammation.

CB2 agonism controls pain and subchondral bone degeneration induced by mono-iodoacetate: Implications GPCR functional bias and tolerance development.

Background And Purpose: The endocannabinoid system became a promising target for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Functional selectivity of cannabinoids may increase their beneficial properties while reducing side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic potential of two functionally biased CB2 agonists in different treatment regimens to propose the best pharmacological approach for OA management.

Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action.

Cannabis has a long history of medical use. Although there are many cannabinoids present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the two components found in the highest concentrations. CBD itself does not produce typical behavioral cannabimimetic effects and was thought not to be responsible for psychotropic effects of cannabis.

Alterations in Anandamide Synthesis and Degradation during Osteoarthritis Progression in an Animal Model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease manifested by movement limitations and chronic pain. Endocannabinoid system (ECS) may modulate nociception via cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptors. The purpose of our study was to examine alterations in the spinal and joint endocannabinoid system during pain development in an animal model of OA.

Design, Synthesis, and Physicochemical and Pharmacological Profiling of 7-Hydroxy-5-oxopyrazolo[4,3-]pyridine-6-carboxamide Derivatives with Antiosteoarthritic Activity In Vivo.

The hallmark of joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is pain, originating from both inflammatory and neuropathic components, and compounds able to modulate the signal transduction pathways of the cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) can represent a helpful option in the treatment of OA. In this perspective, a set of 18 cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) ligands was developed based on an unprecedented structure. With the aim of improving the physicochemical properties of previously reported 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamides, a structural optimization program led to the discovery of isosteric 7-hydroxy-5-oxopyrazolo[4,3-]pyridine-6-carboxamide derivatives.

Application of ash and municipal sewage sludge as macronutrient sources in sustainable plant biomass production.

Owing to the growing volumes of ash and sewage sludge waste, there is a requirement for theoretical and practical research into the use of these wastes as a source of nutrients. However, there are relatively few studies on the transfer of macronutrients in soil-plant systems amended with ash-sewage sludge mixtures under field conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of bituminous coal ash (AC), biomass ash (AB), and municipal sewage sludge (MSS) on the quantity and quality of a grass-legume mixture.

Nanosilver against fungi. Silver nanoparticles as an effective biocidal factor.

The work presents a method of obtaining an aqueous raspberry extract as well as its physicochemical and analytical characteristics. The paper also contains a description of the method of preparation of nanosilver suspensions based on this extract. The raspberry extract served as a source of phenolic compounds which acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents.

Catalytic and functional roles of conserved amino acids in the SET domain of the S. cerevisiae lysine methyltransferase Set1.

In S. cerevisiae, the lysine methyltransferase Set1 is a member of the multiprotein complex COMPASS. Set1 catalyzes mono-, di- and trimethylation of the fourth residue, lysine 4, of histone H3 using methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine, and requires a subset of COMPASS proteins for this activity.

Soy isoflavone supplementation for breast cancer risk reduction: a randomized phase II trial.

Soy isoflavone consumption may protect against breast cancer development. We conducted a phase IIB trial of soy isoflavone supplementation to examine its effect on breast epithelial proliferation and other biomarkers in the healthy high-risk breast. One hundred and twenty-six consented women underwent a random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA); those with 4,000 or more epithelial cells were randomized to a double-blind 6-month intervention of mixed soy isoflavones (PTIG-2535) or placebo, followed by repeat rFNA.

Breast ductal lavage for assessment of breast cancer biomarkers.

Lavage of the ductal systems of the breast provides fluid (DLF) containing hormones and products of hormone actions that may represent more accurately the composition of the breast than samples collected from blood or urine. The present study was undertaken to assess the presence of potential cancer biomarkers, their variation among individuals at high risk for breast cancer, and differences associated with menopause and tamoxifen treatment. Seventy seven tamoxifen-eligible subjects with a 5-year breast cancer risk estimate (Gail > 1.

Calorie restriction effects on silencing and recombination at the yeast rDNA.

Aging research has developed rapidly over the past decade, identifying individual genes and molecular mechanisms of the aging process through the use of model organisms and high throughput technologies. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most widely researched environmental manipulation that extends lifespan. Activation of the NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase Sir2 (Silent Information Regulator 2) has been proposed to mediate the beneficial effects of CR in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as other organisms.

Effective interactions in polydisperse colloidal suspensions investigated using Ornstein-Zernike integral equations.

We present a mean of calculating the effective interactions in polydisperse colloidal suspension from liquid state integral equation theory. The method is based on Lado's expansion of correlation functions in a suitable set of orthogonal polynomials. The outlined approach is subsequently used to investigate the effects of polydispersity on the effective potentials for model systems with attractive and repulsive bare interactions.