Brachypodium distachyon triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme 3 is both a triphosphatase and an adenylyl cyclase upregulated by mechanical wounding.

Proteins with a CyaB, thiamine triphosphatase domain (CYTH domain) may play a central role at the interface between nucleotide and polyphosphate metabolism. One of the plant CYTH domain-containing proteins from Brachypodium distachyon, BdTTM3, is annotated in NCBI databases as an 'adenylyl cyclase (AC)' or a 'triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme'. The divergent nomenclature and the search for plant ACs induced us to experimentally confirm the enzymatic activity of BdTTM3.

Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) in plant signalling-Current knowledge and perspectives.

Cell signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that responds and adapts to various internal and external factors. Generally, a signal is mediated by various signaling molecules and is transferred to a cascade of effector proteins. To date, there is significant evidence that cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs), e.

Downstream Targets of Cyclic Nucleotides in Plants.

Efficient integration of various external and internal signals is required to maintain adaptive cellular function. Numerous distinct signal transduction systems have evolved to allow cells to receive these inputs, to translate their codes and, subsequently, to expand and integrate their meanings. Two of these, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, together referred to as the cyclic nucleotide signaling system, are between them.

Transcriptional response of a novel HpCDPK1 kinase gene from Hippeastrum x hybr. to wounding and fungal infection.

Calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK) are well established plant sensor and effectors for calcium ions and participate in regulation of multiple abiotic and biotic stress responses in plant cells. Here we present the identification and characterization of a new CDPK kinase gene from bulbous plant Hippeastrum x hybr. and examine the role of this kinase in stress responses leading to phytoalexin (PA) production in plant tissues.

The Hippeastrum hybridum PepR1 gene (HpPepR1) encodes a functional guanylyl cyclase and is involved in early response to fungal infection.

It is generally known that cyclic GMP widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, is involved in essential cellular processes and stress signal transduction. However, in contrast to animals the knowledge about plant guanylyl cyclases (GCs) which catalyze the formation of cGMP from GTP is still quite obscure. Recent studies of plant GCs are focused on identification and functional analysis of a new family of membrane proteins called "moonlighting kinases with GC activity" with guanylyl cyclase catalytic center encapsulated within intracellular kinase domain.

[Biosynthesis of cyclic GMP in plant cells - new insight into guanylate cyclases].

Cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is involved in many physiological processes in plants. Concentration of this second messenger in plant cell is determined by guanylyl cyclases (GCs) responsible for cGMP synthesis and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) involved in cGMP inactivation. First discovered plant GCs were localized in cytosol, but few years ago a new family of plasma membrane proteins with guanylyl cyclase activity was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Genomic structure and promoter characterization of the CDPK kinase gene expressed during seed formation in Pharbitis nil.

CDPK kinases are a unique class of calcium sensor/responders that regulate many growth and developmental processes as well as stress responses of plants. PnCDPK1 kinase from Pharbitis nil is regulated by light and contributes to seed germination, seedling growth and flower formation. Following an earlier work in which we identified the PnCDPK1 coding sequence and a 330bp long 3'UTR (untranslated region), we present for the first time the genomic organization of PnCDPK1, including intron analysis and the gene copy number designation.

Identification of a Hippeastrum hybridum guanylyl cyclase responsive to wounding and pathogen infection.

Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is a critical component of many (patho)physiological processes in plants whilst guanylyl cyclases (GCs) which catalyse the formation of cGMP from GTP have remained somewhat elusive. Consequently, the two major aims are the discovery of novel guanylyl cyclases and the identification of GC/cGMP mediated processes. To identify a novel GC from Hippeastrum hybridum plant and facilitate the preparation of guanylyl cyclase in an amount sufficient for further crystallographic studies, we have constructed an overproduction system for this enzyme.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel adenylyl cyclase gene, HpAC1, involved in stress signaling in Hippeastrum x hybridum.

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are enzymes that generate cyclic AMP, which is involved in different physiological and developmental processes in a number of organisms. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a new plant adenylyl cyclases (AC) gene, designated HpAC1, from Hippeastrum x hybridum. This gene encodes a protein of 206 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 23 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.

[Jasmonate signaling pathway--new insight].

Significant progress which was made during last few years in research of jasmonic acid signaling pathway yielded surprising information about chemical form of a signaling molecule of the hormone, which turned out to be its conjugate with amino acid isoleucine. Function of jasmonic acid receptor is more and more frequently attributed to COI1 protein which is structurally and functionally similar to the auxin receptor TIR1. Signal perception takes place in the nucleus and leads to the activation of SCF(COI1) ubiquitine ligase and consequently to proteolysis of transcription repressors, the JAZ proteins.