Wheelchair Repairs: Delays, Causes, and Associated Outcomes.

Objective: To examine the length of time to complete wheelchair repairs and the relationship between negative outcomes and the factors that prevented or determined who performed the repairs.

Design: Survey, cross-sectional.

Setting: Nine spinal cord injury (SCI) Model Systems Centers.

Development and Testing of the Spinal Cord Injury Bladder and Bowel Control Questionnaire (SCI-BBC-Q).

Introduction: Recovery of lower urinary tract (LUT) and lower gastrointestinal tract (LGIT) is a high priority for people with lived experience following spinal cord injury (SCI). A universally accepted validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of the individual sensory and motor components of LGIT and LUT function, which allows tracking of recovery is lacking. To address this literature gap, the SCI Bladder and Bowel Control Questionnaire (SCI-BBC-Q) was developed.

Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Enhances Recovery for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury-A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) negatively impacts individuals' functional independence, and motor and sensory function. Intense walking training has been shown to facilitate recovery for individuals with chronic SCI. Powered robotic exoskeletons provide therapists with a tool that allows them to conduct walking training with less therapist effort as compared to conventional walking training.

Residential Mobility and Reasons for Moving Among People Living With Spinal Cord Injury: Results of a Multisite Survey Study.

Background: Residential mobility after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been extensively examined despite a growing interest in investigating the relationship between neighborhood exposures and community living outcomes.

Objectives: This study explores residential mobility patterns, the annual move rate, and reasons for moving among a community-living sample of adults with SCI.

Methods: A survey was conducted with 690 people at six SCI Model Systems centers in the United States between July 2017 and October 2020.

Health impacts reported in the Spinal Cord Injury COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Survey (SCI-CPES).

Context: In people with spinal cord injury (SCI), infections are a leading cause of death, and there is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, which are all comorbidities associated with worse outcomes after COVID-19 infection.

Objective: To characterize self-reported health impacts of COVID-19 on people with SCI related to exposure to virus, diagnosis, symptoms, complications of infection, and vaccination.

Methods: The Spinal Cord Injury COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Survey (SCI-CPES) study was administered to ask people with SCI about their health and other experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development of the Spinal Cord Injury COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Survey (SCI-CPES).

Context: Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, rehabilitation providers received reports from people with spinal cord injury (SCI) of considerable disruptions in caregiver services, medical and nursing care, and access to equipment and supplies; concomitantly, the medical community raised concerns related to the elevated risk of acquiring the infection due to SCI-specific medical conditions. Due to the novel nature of the pandemic, few tools existed to systematically investigate the outcomes and needs of people with SCI during this emergency.

Objective: To develop a multidimensional assessment tool for surveying the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and psychological health, employment, caregiving services, medical supplies and equipment, and the delivery of medical care for people with SCI.

The international spinal cord injury pain basic data set (version 3.0).

Study Design: Expert opinion, feedback, revisions, and final consensus.

Objectives: To update the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set (ISCIPBDS version 2.0) and incorporate suggestions from the SCI pain clinical and research community with respect to overall utility.

Ausubel's re-visited.

This review provides a critique of David Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning and the use of advance organizers in teaching. It takes into account the developments in cognition and neuroscience which have taken place in the 50 or so years since he advanced his ideas, developments which challenge our understanding of cognitive structure and the recall of prior learning. These include (i) how effective questioning to ascertain previous knowledge necessitates in-depth Socratic dialogue; (ii) how many findings in cognition and neuroscience indicate that memory may be non-representational, thereby affecting our interpretation of student recollections; (iii) the now recognised dynamism of memory; (iv) usefully regarding concepts as abilities or simulators and skills; (v) acknowledging conscious and unconscious memory and imagery; (vi) how conceptual change involves conceptual coexistence and revision; (vii) noting linguistic and neural pathways as a result of experience and neural selection; and (viii) recommending that wider concepts of scaffolding should be adopted, particularly given the increasing focus on collaborative learning in a technological world.

Profiling Immunological Phenotypes in Individuals During the First Year After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Individuals with SCI are severely affected by immune system changes, resulting in increased risk of infections and persistent systemic inflammation. While recent data support that immunological changes after SCI differ in the acute and chronic phases of living with SCI, only limited immunological phenotyping in humans is available. To characterize dynamic molecular and cellular immune phenotypes over the first year, we assess RNA (bulk-RNA sequencing), protein, and flow cytometry (FACS) profiles of blood samples from 12 individuals with SCI at 0-3 days and at 3, 6, and 12 months post injury (MPI) compared to 23 uninjured individuals (controls).

Treatments perceived to be helpful for neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter cross-sectional survey study.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To evaluate the perceived helpfulness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and their combinations for neuropathic pain (NeuP) and subcategories of NeuP after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Six Spinal Cord Injury Model System Centers.

Medical, dental, and optical care utilization among community-living people with spinal cord injury in the United States.

Context/objective: Information about patterns of healthcare utilization for people living with spinal cord injury (SCI) is currently limited, and this is needed to understand independent community living after SCI. This study investigates self-reported healthcare utilization among community-living people with SCI and assesses disparities across demographic, socioeconomic, and injury-related subgroups.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data administered via telephone interview.

Evaluation of Cardiovascular Autonomic Function during Inpatient Rehabilitation following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Assessment of the degree of impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is not part of routine clinical practice during inpatient rehabilitation following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The goal of this investigation was to determine the utility of the International Standards for Neurologic Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) and the recently revised International Standards to document remaining Autonomic Function after SCI (ISAFSCI) in documenting cardiovascular ANS impairment during inpatient rehabilitation following traumatic SCI. Beat-to-beat recording of supine heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were collected at the bedside for estimation of total cardiovascular ISAFSCI score, cardio-vagal modulation (i.

Orthostatic systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in newly injured patients with spinal cord injury.

Background: Low blood pressure (BP) may lead to reduced cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) during an orthostatic challenge in newly injured patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which, may relate to the neurological level of injury (NLI) as documented on the International Standards for the Neurologic Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI), or to evidence of cardiovascular autonomic impairment as determined by the International Standards to document remaining Autonomic Function after SCI (ISAFSCI).

Objective: To examine the influence of patient demographics, ISNCSCI and ISAFSCI scores on hemodynamic responses to a bedside sit-up test in newly injured patients with SCI.

Design: Cross-sectional, prospective analysis.

The CanPain SCI clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation management of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: 2021 update.

Study Design: Clinical practice guidelines.

Objectives: The objective was to update the 2016 version of the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: The guidelines are relevant for inpatient, outpatient and community SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada.

When Is an Interview an Inter View? The Historical and Recent Development of Methodologies Used to Investigate Children's Astronomy Knowledge.

This paper provides a historical review of the interview research that has been used by science educators to investigate children's basic astronomy knowledge. A wide range of strategies have been developed over the last 120 years or so as successive teams of researchers have endeavoured to overcome the methodological difficulties that have arisen. Hence, it looks critically at the techniques that have been developed to tackle the problems associated with interviews, questionnaires and tests used to research cognitive development and knowledge acquisition.

Prevalence and Impact of Neuropathic and Nonneuropathic Pain in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: To compare prevalence, intensity ratings, and interference ratings of neuropathic pain (NeuP) and nociceptive pain in people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Six SCI Model System centers in the United States.

Participants: Convenience sample of 391 individuals (N=391) with traumatic SCI, 18 years or older, 81% male, 57% White.

Utilization of Complementary and Integrative Health Care by People With Spinal Cord Injury in the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems: A Descriptive Study.

Objective: To characterize the use of complementary and integrative health care (CIH) by people with spinal cord injury.

Design: Cross-sectional self-report study.

Setting: Participants were recruited from 5 Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) centers across the United States.

Who Moves After SCI? Individual, Health, and Neighborhood Predictors of Residential Mobility Among Participants in the National Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Database.

Objective: To investigate residential mobility among community-living adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) and the individual, health, and neighborhood factors associated with the propensity to relocate.

Design: Retrospective analysis of data from the National SCI Model Systems (SCIMS) Database collected between 2006 and 2018 and linked with the American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Setting: Community.

Treatments that are perceived to be helpful for non-neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury: a multicenter cross-sectional survey.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify the treatments that people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) used for their non-neuropathic pains (nonNeuPs) and how they subjectively rated the helpfulness of those treatments.

Setting: Six centers from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems.

Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Leads to Motor and Functional Improvement in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.

Objective: To explore the potential effects of incorporating exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) into spinal cord injury (SCI) acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) on facilitating functional and motor recovery when compared with standard of care AIR.

Design: A quasi-experimental design with a prospective intervention group (AIR with EAW) and a retrospective control group (AIR only).

Setting: SCI AIR facility.

An interview based approach to the anorectal portion of the International Standards of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Exam (I-A-ISNCSCI): a pilot study.

Study Design: Prospective, single-blinded study.

Objective: To design and evaluate the use of an interview based version of the anorectal portion of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) exam in the acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) setting.

Setting: AIR unit.

Treatment of at-level spinal cord injury pain with botulinum toxin A.

Study Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.

Objective: To explore whether botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) could be effective for treating at-level spinal cord injury (SCI) pain.

Setting: Outpatient SCI clinic, New York, USA.

The feasibility and usability of a mobile application for performing home evaluations.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and usability of a family member and a clinician completed home evaluation process using an adapted commercial MagicPlan mobile application (MPMA) and laser distance measurer (LDM).

Setting: An acute inpatient rehabilitation unit and homes in the community.

Pulse article: opioid prescription for pain after spinal cord damage (SCD), differences from recommended guidelines, and a proposed algorithm for the use of opioids for pain after SCD.

Study Design: Online questionnaire of spinal cord injury (SCI) physicians.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to characterize the approach to opioid prescription for persons with spinal cord damage (SCD).

Setting: An international online questionnaire.