Evaluation of wheat blast resistance in the USDA hard winter wheat ( L.) Northern and Southern Regional Performance Nurseries.

Wheat blast, caused by the pathotype of , is an emerging disease that threatens the global supply of wheat. The pathogen was first reported in Brazil and subsequently spread to the neighboring countries of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. More recently, wheat blast was reported in Asia and Africa, having been observed in Bangladesh and Zambia.

Thermal Inactivation of Cells of Salmonella spp. in Pot Pies Prepared With a Beef, Chicken, or Meat Alternative Filling, With and Without Gravy, During Cooking in a Convection Oven.

Cooking parameters elaborated in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service Cooking Guideline for Meat and Poultry Products (Appendix A) were evaluated for inactivation of Salmonella spp.

Using Bio-inline Reactor to Evaluate Sanitizer Efficacy in Removing Dual-species Biofilms Formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes.

The efficacy of a sanitizer in biofilm removal may be influenced by a combination of factors such as sanitizer exposure time and concentration, bacterial species, surface topography, and shear stresses. We employed an inline biofilm reactor to investigate the interactions of these variables on biofilm removal with chlorine. The CDC bioreactor was used to grow E.

Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. During Cooking of Country Ham and Fate of L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus During Storage of Country Ham Slices.

Thermal inactivation studies were undertaken on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. inoculated on the surface of country ham. Hams (average = ca.

Minimum Concentrations of Slow Pyrolysis Paper and Walnut Hull Cyclone Biochars Needed to Inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soil.

Antimicrobial properties of biochar have been attributed to its ability to inactivate foodborne pathogens in soil, to varying degrees. High concentrations of biochar have reduced E. coli O157:H7 in soil and dairy manure compost, based on alkaline pH.

Large Iodine Variability in Retail Cows' Milk in the U.S.: A Follow-Up Study among Different Retail Outlets.

In a previous study, large variability in iodine content was found among samples of store brand retail milk at a single time point in a sampling taken from 24 nationwide U.S. locations for the USDA FoodData Central database, but the sampling plan was not designed to detect differences among locations.

Viability of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on Slices of a German-Style Bologna Containing Blends of Organic Acid Salts During Storage at 4 or 12°C.

Viability of cells of Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella spp. was quantified on slices of a German-style bologna manufactured by a local butcher to contain no added antimicrobials or to include 0.9% or 1.

Correction: Solano-Aguilar et al. Fruit and Vegetable Supplemented Diet Modulates the Pig Transcriptome and Microbiome after a Two-Week Feeding Intervention. 2021, , 4350.

There was an error in the original publication [...

Annual and Seasonal Changes in Parasitism Rates by (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on the Squash Bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in Squash Fields: Implications for Augmentative Releases.

This study evaluated parasitism rates by (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on the squash bug DeGeer (Hemiptera: Coreidae) over a six-year period in squash fields in Maryland. From 2016-2021, 2226 wild squash bug egg masses were collected, 2180 (98.0%) egg masses and 46 (2.

Viability of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes during Preparation and Storage of Fuet, a Traditional Dry-Cured Spanish Pork Sausage.

Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to monitor viability of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes during preparation and storage of fuet. Regarding methodology, coarse-ground pork (ca.

Metagenomic Analysis of 16S Amplicons Corroborates Counts on Select Agar and PCR Analyses of Bacteria in Broiler Farm Litter.

The purpose of this study was twofold-first, to determine whether analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in poultry litter corroborated standard counts and PCR assay, and second, to find whether a correlation between 16S rRNA analysis and or toxin PCR intensity with chick mortality existed. At three time points of growout (0, 2, and 4 wk) litter samples were collected from 23 broiler houses representing eight farms during a coccidiosis vaccine control program. DNA extracted from these samples was used for microbiota determination by sequencing the hypervariable V3-V4 region of bacterial 16s rRNA.

Fruit and Vegetable Supplemented Diet Modulates the Pig Transcriptome and Microbiome after a Two-Week Feeding Intervention.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of a diet supplemented with fruits and vegetables (FV) on the host whole blood cell (WBC) transcriptome and the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome. Nine six-week-old pigs were fed a pig grower diet alone or supplemented with lyophilized FV equivalent to half the daily recommended amount prescribed for humans by the Dietary Guideline for Americans (DGA) for two weeks. Host transcriptome changes in the WBC were evaluated by RNA sequencing.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Sympatric Tick Species and Tick-Borne Pathogens Emphasizes the Need for Surveillance for Effective Tick Control.

Three tick species that can transmit pathogen causing disease are commonly found parasitizing people and animals in the mid-Atlantic United States: the blacklegged tick ( Say), the American dog tick ( [Say]), and the lone star tick ( [L.]) (Acari: Ixodidae). The potential risk of pathogen transmission from tick bites acquired at schools in tick-endemic areas is a concern, as school-aged children are a high-risk group for tick-borne disease.

Vaccination with Neospora caninum-cyclophilin and -profilin confers partial protection against experimental neosporosis-induced abortion in sheep.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of a vaccine consisting of recombinant Neospora caninum-cyclophilin (NcCyP) and -profilin (NcPro) in sheep. At 42 d and 21 d prior to mating, adult Dorset ewes were immunized with the rNcCyP-rNcPro vaccine (Group 1) or co-purifying non-recombinant (NR) control vaccine (Group 2). At 90 days post-mating, all immunized ewes and were challenged by intravenous injection with 10Nesopora caninum Illinois tachyzoites (NcTZ).

Parasitism and Predation on Sentinel Egg Masses of Three Stink Bug Species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Native and Exotic Ornamental Landscapes.

This study evaluated parasitism and predation on sentinel egg masses of three stink bug species, the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), and the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in ornamental landscapes composed of either native or exotic plants. This study also compared the species composition of parasitoids attacking two native stink bug species (P. maculiventris and E.

Temporal and Agricultural Factors Influence Escherichia coli Survival in Soil and Transfer to Cucumbers.

Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) increase nutrient levels in soils to support the production of fruits and vegetables. BSAAOs may introduce or extend the survival of bacterial pathogens which can be transferred to fruits and vegetables to cause foodborne illness. survival over 120 days in soil plots (3 m) covered with (mulched) or without plastic mulch (not mulched), amended with either poultry litter, composted poultry litter, heat-treated poultry pellets, or chemical fertilizer, and transfer to cucumbers in 2 years (2018 and 2019) were evaluated.

Ovipositional Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Two Squash Bug Species Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and Anasa armigera: Effects of Parasitoid Density, Nutrition, and Host Egg Chorion on Parasitism Rates.

This study examined the ovipositional behavior of Gryon pennsylvanicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on egg masses of two squash bug species Anasa tristis DeGeer and Anasa armigera Say (Hemiptera: Coreidae) by evaluating how parasitoid density and access to nutrition influenced percent parasitism on egg masses of different sizes in laboratory tests. When three parasitoids were exposed to A. tristis egg masses with only three to five eggs, 72.

BMI Is Associated With Increased Plasma and Urine Appearance of Glucosinolate Metabolites After Consumption of Cooked Broccoli.

Preclinical studies suggest that brassica vegetable diets decrease cancer risk, but epidemiological studies show varied effects, resulting in uncertainty about any health impact of brassicas. Factors controlling absorption of glucosinolate metabolites may relate to inconsistent results. We reported previously that subjects with BMI > 26 kg/m (HiBMI), given cooked broccoli plus raw daikon radish (as a source of plant myrosinase) daily for 17 days, had lower glucosinolate metabolite absorption than subjects given a single broccoli meal.

Diurnal effects on sporangium and zoospore production by on 'Cunningham's White'.

We evaluated sporangium and zoospore production by three isolates of on 'Cunningham's White' leaves under light and dark conditions at both variable and constant (14 C) temperature. -infected leaves were detached and placed in funnels inside of a 62-L plastic storage container located in a growth chamber. Cool mist was introduced to the container to create a high-humidity environment.

Use of Flowering Plants to Enhance Parasitism and Predation Rates on Two Squash Bug Species and (Hemiptera: Coreidae).

A two-year study evaluated the effect of a flowering border of buckwheat Moench on rates of egg parasitism, egg predation and adult parasitism on two squash bug species, (DeGeer) and Say, by comparing rates in squash fields with and without a flowering border. Furthermore, we evaluated whether there was an edge effect by comparing parasitism and predation rates in plots located in the corner of a squash field with plots located in the center of a squash field for fields with and without a flowering border. The egg parasitism rates were not affected by either treatment (flowering border or control) or plot location (edge or center).

Dynamic changes in the physicochemical properties of fresh-cut produce wash water as impacted by commodity type and processing conditions.

Organic materials in fresh-cut produce wash water deplete free chlorine that is required to prevent pathogen survival and cross-contamination. This research evaluated water quality parameters frequently used to describe organic load for their fitness to predict chlorine demand (CLD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are major needs identified by the industry-led produce food safety taskforce. Batches of romaine lettuce, iceberg lettuce, or carrot of different cut sizes and shapes were washed in 40 liters of water.

Age-Associated Distribution of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli Isolated from Dairy Herds in Pennsylvania, 2013-2015.

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global public health concern, and agricultural operations are often implicated as a source of resistant bacteria. This study characterized the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli from a total of 443 manure composite samples from preweaned calves, postweaned calves, dry cows, and lactating cows from 80 dairy operations in Pennsylvania. A total of 1095 S.