Brow Bossing Reduction.

Testosterone creates several characteristic changes in the upper face. These changes include elevating and squaring the hairline, flattening the central forehead, and increasing the anterior projection of the brow bone and orbital rims. When present, these changes will give a strong masculine characteristic to the face overall.

Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) in pediatric otolaryngology.

Introduction: Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) is a condition in which the vocal cords exhibit inappropriate inspiratory adduction, and it has been poorly studied in the pediatric population.

Methods: Pediatric patients diagnosed with PVCM by a pediatric otolaryngologist and doctor of speech pathology from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed. Patients in whom another cause for their respiratory disturbance was eventually identified were excluded.

Microvascular Reconstruction of the Parotidectomy Defect.

Parotidectomy is a commonly performed procedure for both benign and malignant lesions. When a significant portion of the gland is resected and the lost tissue volume is not replaced, a disfiguring contour defect can result. This defect can be disfiguring and have a profound impact on quality of life.

Management of Facial Paralysis due to Extracranial Tumors.

Treatment of advanced parotid or cutaneous malignancies often requires sacrifice of the facial nerve as well as resection of the parotid gland and surrounding structures. In addition to considerations regarding reinnervation and dynamic reanimation, reconstruction in this setting must take into account unique factors such as soft tissue volume deficits and the high likelihood of adjunctive radiation therapy. Furthermore, considerations of patient comorbidities including advanced age and poor long-term prognosis often influence reconstructive modality.