Lifestyle Intervention Strategy to Treat Diabetes in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Lifestyle intervention is recommended as first-line treatment of diabetes at all ages; however, little is known about the efficacy of lifestyle intervention in older adults with diabetes. We aimed to determine whether lifestyle intervention would improve glycemic control and age-relevant outcomes in older adults with diabetes and comorbidities.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 100 older adults with diabetes were randomly assigned to 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) (diet and exercise at a facility transitioned into community-fitness centers and homes) or healthy lifestyle (HL) group.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Added to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Older Men With Obesity and Hypogonadism.

Background: Obesity and hypogonadism additively contribute to frailty in older men; however, appropriate treatment remains controversial.

Objective: Determine whether testosterone replacement augments the effect of lifestyle therapy on physical function in older men with obesity and hypogonadism.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Weight Loss-Induced Reduction of Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults with Obesity.

Obesity in older adults is a growing public health problem, yet the appropriate treatment remains controversial partly due to evidence that weight loss reduces bone mass and may increase fracture risk. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on the effects of diet-induced weight loss on bone health in obese (body mass index 30 kg/m and above) older (aged 65 years or older) adults. Observational studies have shown that weight loss in this population decreases total hip bone mineral density and increases the risk of frailty fractures (composite of proximal femur, pelvis, and proximal humerus fractures).

Therapeutic and lifestyle approaches to obesity in older persons.

Purpose Of Review: Obesity rates worldwide continue to increase and will disproportionately affect older adults because of population aging. This review highlights recent progress pertaining to therapeutic approaches to obesity in older adults.

Recent Findings: Caloric restriction alone improves physical function and quality of life in older adults with obesity but is associated with loss of lean mass and increases fracture risk.

Hypogonadal Men with Higher Body Mass Index have Higher Bone Density and Better Bone Quality but Reduced Muscle Density.

Although hypogonadism is a risk factor for bone loss and fractures, the different etiopathophysiology and hormonal profile of classical and obesity-induced hypogonadism may lead to differences in musculoskeletal profile. This is a cross-sectional study of hypogonadal men between 40 and 74 years old. Our outcomes include: areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; volumetric BMD (vBMD) and soft tissue composition of the tibia by peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Comparison of linear and non-linear classifiers for oral cancer screening by optical spectroscopy.

We compared the use of linear discriminant analysis and an artificial neural network for classifying optical spectral measurements of oral sites. Consistent with studies of optical spectroscopy for diagnosis of other forms of cancer, our results suggest that a non-linear classifier may be warranted. Our study also demonstrated that the classifiers were better able to distinguish between sites that were more histopathologically distinct.