Qualitative Study of Health Care Team Perception of the Benefits and Limitations of Remote Symptom Monitoring.

Purpose: Remote symptom monitoring (RSM) using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROS) connects patients and health care teams between appointments. Patient-perceived benefits and drawbacks of RSM are well-known, but health care team members' perceptions are less clear.

Methods: Health care team members from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of South Alabama Health Mitchell Cancer Institute participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore their experiences and perspectives on RSM benefits and limitations.

Dissemination and Implementation - A Primer for Accelerating "Time to Translation" in Radiation Oncology.

The field of radiation oncology has achieved significant technological and scientific advancements in the 21 century. Yet uptake of new evidence-based practices has been heterogeneous, even in the presence of national and international guidelines. Addressing barriers to practice change requires a deliberate focus on developing and testing strategies tailored to improving care delivery and quality, especially for vulnerable patient populations.

Design of a pragmatic trial integrating human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling into primary care to reduce cervical cancer screening disparities in Somali American individuals: The Isbaar project.

Background: Somali American individuals have lower cervical cancer screening rates than the U.S. general population.

Acceptability of single-dose HPV vaccination schedule among health-care professionals in Kenya: a mixed-methods study.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends a single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedule for girls and boys to accelerate progress toward cervical cancer elimination. We applied the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) within the context of HPV vaccination to assess the acceptability of a single-dose schedule among health-care professionals in Kenya.

Methods: A REDCap survey was developed using relevant Theoretical Framework of Acceptability domains and validated with health-care professionals.

Identifying important and feasible primary care structures and processes in the US healthcare system: a modified Delphi study.

Objective: To identify primary care structures and processes that have the highest and lowest impact on chronic disease management and screening and prevention outcomes as well as to assess the feasibility of implementing these structures and processes into practice.

Design: A two-round Delphi study was conducted to establish consensus on the impact and feasibility of 258 primary care structures and processes.

Participants: 29 primary care providers, health system leaders and health services researchers in the USA.

"Veteran to Veteran, There's Automatically a Trust": A Qualitative Study of Veterans' Experiences in a Peer Health-Coaching Program for Hypertension.

Introduction: Veteran peer Coaches Optimizing and Advancing Cardiac Health was an randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of a peer support intervention to reduce blood pressure among veterans with hypertension and 1 or more cardiovascular risks. The authors studied participant perceptions of the intervention, including barriers and facilitators to participation, factors promoting behavior change, and disease self-management practices.

Methods: The authors enrolled participants at their exit visit for the Veteran peer Coaches Optimizing and Advancing Cardiac Health study.

Adaptation of a Tailored Lung Cancer Screening Decision Aid for People With HIV.

Background: People with HIV are both at elevated risk of lung cancer and at high risk of multimorbidity, which makes shared decision-making (SDM) for lung cancer screening (LCS) in people with HIV complex. Currently no known tools have been adapted for SDM in people with HIV.

Research Question: Can an SDM decision aid be adapted to include HIV-specific measures with input from both people with HIV and their providers?

Study Design And Methods: This study used qualitative methods including focus groups of people with HIV and interviews with HIV care providers to adapt and iterate an SDM tool for people with HIV.

Changing hearts and minds: theorizing how, when, and under what conditions three social influence implementation strategies work.

Background: Opinion leadership, educational outreach visiting, and innovation championing are commonly used strategies to address barriers to implementing innovations and evidence-based practices in healthcare settings. Despite voluminous research, ambiguities persist in how these strategies work and under what conditions they work well, work poorly, or work at all. The current paper develops middle-range theories to address this gap.

A research agenda to advance the study of implementation mechanisms.

Background: Implementation science scholars have made significant progress identifying factors that enable or obstruct the implementation of evidence-based interventions, and testing strategies that may modify those factors. However, little research sheds light on how or why strategies work, in what contexts, and for whom. Studying implementation mechanisms-the processes responsible for change-is crucial for advancing the field of implementation science and enhancing its value in facilitating equitable policy and practice change.

On the Move in the community: Protocol for a hybrid 1 trial examining effectiveness and fidelity of a community-based group exercise program for older adults.

Background: On the Move (OTM), a group exercise program to improve mobility in older adults, is efficacious when delivered by research staff. The next step in the development of OTM as a fully implementable intervention is to conduct an effectiveness study in which the intervention is delivered in community settings by community providers.

Methods: We describe the methods of a hybrid 1 cluster randomized, single-blind, intervention trial to compare the effectiveness of OTM to a delayed intervention control in 502 community-dwelling older adults across 44 sites.

The Use of a Tailored Decision Aid to Improve Understanding of Lung Cancer Screening in People With HIV.

Background: People with HIV are at increased risk for lung cancer and multimorbidity, complicating the balance of risks and benefits of lung cancer screening. We previously adapted Decision Precision (screenlc.com) to guide shared decision-making for lung cancer screening in people with HIV.

Mobile App Promoting Resilience in Stress Management for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are at risk of poor psychosocial outcomes. AYAs grew up with the internet and digital technology, and mobile Health (mHealth) psychosocial interventions have the potential to overcome care access barriers.

Objective: This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a fully automated mobile app version of the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management intervention (mPRISM).

Women's preferences for HIV prevention service delivery in pharmacies during pregnancy in Western Kenya: a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: Pharmacy-delivered HIV prevention services might create more options for pregnant women to use HIV prevention tools earlier and more consistently during pregnancy. We quantified preferences for attributes of potential HIV prevention services among women of childbearing age in Western Kenya.

Methods: From June to November 2023, we administered a face-to-face discrete choice experiment survey to women aged 15-44 in Kenya's Homa Bay, Kisumu and Siaya counties.

Integrating a mental health intervention into PrEP services for South African young women: a human-centred implementation research approach to intervention development.

Introduction: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who may benefit from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) face high levels of common mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety).

Navigating grey areas in HIV and mental health implementation science.

Introduction: Implementation science (IS) offers methods to systematically achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals in the United States, as well as the global UNAIDS targets. Federal funders such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) have invested in implementation research to achieve these goals, including supporting the AIDS Research Centres (ARCs), which focus on high-impact science in HIV and mental health (MH). To facilitate capacity building for the HIV/MH research workforce in IS, "grey areas," or areas of IS that are confusing, particularly for new investigators, should be addressed in the context of HIV/MH research.

Adapting and testing measures of organizational context in primary care clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Background: Implementation science frameworks situate intervention implementation and sustainment within the context of the implementing organization and system. Aspects of organizational context such as leadership have been defined and measured largely within US health care settings characterized by decentralization and individual autonomy. The relevance of these constructs in other settings may be limited by differences like collectivist orientation, resource constraints, and hierarchical power structures.

Getting cozy with causality: Advances to the causal pathway diagramming method to enhance implementation precision.

Background: Implementation strategies are theorized to work well when carefully matched to implementation determinants and when factors-preconditions, moderators, etc.-that influence strategy effectiveness are prospectively identified and addressed. Existing methods for strategy selection are either imprecise or require significant technical expertise and resources, undermining their utility.

Leveraging human-centered design and causal pathway diagramming toward enhanced specification and development of innovative implementation strategies: a case example of an outreach tool to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening.

Background: Implementation strategies are strategies to improve uptake of evidence-based practices or interventions and are essential to implementation science. Developing or tailoring implementation strategies may benefit from integrating approaches from other disciplines; yet current guidance on how to effectively incorporate methods from other disciplines to develop and refine innovative implementation strategies is limited. We describe an approach that combines community-engaged methods, human-centered design (HCD) methods, and causal pathway diagramming (CPD)-an implementation science tool to map an implementation strategy as it is intended to work-to develop innovative implementation strategies.

Reliability and validity of intervention characteristic measures for assessing barriers to evidence-based practice use.

Assessing barriers before implementing an evidence-based practice can increase the chances of successful implementation. This project evaluated measures of intervention characteristics that could affect implementation: evidence strength and quality; relative advantage; adaptability; trialability; complexity; design quality and packaging; perceived cost; compatibility; observability; risk; and burden. Measures (109 items total) for each intervention characteristic were developed in a previous study, using prior measures, and expert feedback.

Implementation outcomes of the integrated district evidence to action (IDEAs) program to reduce neonatal mortality in central Mozambique: an application of the RE-AIM evaluation framework.

Background: Scarce evidence exists on audit and feedback implementation processes in low-resource health systems. The Integrated District Evidence to Action (IDEAs) is a multi-component audit and feedback strategy designed to improve the implementation of maternal and child guidelines in Mozambique. We report IDEAs implementation outcomes.