Publications by authors named "Bryan Chong"
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates how metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects long-term survival in patients who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) across different body weight categories.
- The four patient groups analyzed were obesity MASLD, non-obesity MASLD, obesity non-MASLD, and non-obesity non-MASLD, with findings showing that non-obesity MASLD had the highest risk of heart failure and long-term mortality.
- The results indicate that both obesity and non-obesity MASLD are significant predictors of all-cause mortality post-AMI, particularly highlighting the greater risk associated with non-obesity MASLD.
Circadian rhythms influence various physiological and behavioral processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Circadian output neurons are a group of neurons that receive input from the central circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mammalian brain and transmit timing information to different regions of the brain and body, coordinating the circadian rhythms of various physiological processes. In , an important set of circadian output neurons are called pars intercerebralis (PI) neurons, which receive input from specific clock neurons called DN1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlobal burden of cardiovascular diseases: projections from 2025 to 2050.
Eur J Prev Cardiol
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to project cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends and risk factors from 2025 to 2050 to aid healthcare planning.
- Using historical data and Poisson regression, projections indicate a significant increase in CVD prevalence (90%), crude mortality (73.4%), and DALYs (54.7%), with ischaemic heart disease and high blood pressure as major contributors.
- Despite a stable age-standardized CVD prevalence, the study underscores a concerning rise in crude mortality due to an aging population, prompting the need for effective healthcare strategies.
Article Synopsis
- A study forecasts a 91.2% increase in crude cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Asia from 2025 to 2050, despite a 23.0% decrease in the age-standardized mortality rate.
- Ischaemic heart disease and stroke will remain the top causes of mortality, with Central Asia experiencing the highest mortality rates while high systolic blood pressure is identified as the leading risk factor across most of Asia.
- The research highlights the need for targeted health interventions due to the significant variations in CVD burden across different regions in Asia.
Article Synopsis
- Malnutrition is linked to worse outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), impacting their prognosis and survival rates.
- The study reviewed various nutritional assessment tools and analyzed data from 30 studies with over 37,000 patients, revealing that about one-third were malnourished, leading to a mortality rate of 20.59% among them.
- Results showed that malnutrition significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of ACS type, ethnicity, or income, highlighting the importance of addressing nutritional status in these patients.
Aim: Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease. However, the clinical characteristics and prognostic importance of MASLD in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have yet to be examined.
Methods: This study compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without MASLD presenting with AMI at a tertiary centre in Singapore.
Background & Aims: Though probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been shown to confer health benefits, their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella review to examine their effectiveness on anthropometric, cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers.
Methods: We conducted an umbrella review on eligible systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SRMA) published from journals' inception till 13 January 2023 retrieved from seven electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science).
The metabolic syndrome, characterized by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, collectively increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent manifestation, affecting over a third of the global population with a concerning annual increase in prevalence. Nearly 70 % of overweight individuals have NAFLD, and NAFLD-related deaths are predicted to rise, especially among young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- This network meta-analysis compares the effectiveness and safety of tirzepatide with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and other FDA-approved weight loss drugs for treating obesity and overweight.
- The analysis reviewed 31 randomized controlled trials involving over 35,000 patients, highlighting that tirzepatide 15 mg is highly effective for weight loss and improving metabolic health markers compared to placebo.
- Both tirzepatide and GLP-1 RA showed significant weight loss benefits, but they also led to increased gastrointestinal side effects compared to placebo, suggesting they are promising treatments for obesity.
Context: Polyphenols are plant-based compounds with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesogenic properties. However, their effects on health outcomes remain unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and cardiometabolic markers.
Article Synopsis
- * Overweight/obesity is forecasted to not only be the most rapidly growing risk factor but also the leading cause of AMI-related deaths, with a staggering 294.7% increase in mortality associated with it.
- * Disparities exist among ethnic groups, with Indian and Malay populations facing a higher burden of obesity and AMI-related mortality compared to Chinese individuals.
Objective: Digital health has recently gained a foothold in monitoring and improving diabetes care. We aim to explore the views of patients, carers and healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the use of a novel patient-owned wound surveillance application as part of outpatient management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).
Methods: Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with patients, carers and HCPs in wound care for DFUs.
Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.
Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes.
Background: Previous studies have shown that females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may have excess mortality risk compared to their male counterparts. An important next step to address the high global burden of T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella review to summarize data on sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes for patients with T2DM and assess the strength of the evidence observed.
Methods And Results: Medline and Embase were searched from inception till 7 August 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses studying the effects of sex on cardiovascular outcomes in T2DM patients.
Article Synopsis
- Health literacy and illness perception significantly impact the management of cardiometabolic diseases, with this study examining the differences in attitudes and knowledge between individuals with and without metabolic risk factors (MFs).
- A survey of 345 participants revealed that those with MFs tended to have lower knowledge scores but higher perceived risks regarding cardiometabolic diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
- Despite their heightened awareness of risks, individuals with MFs showed only slight increases in taking preventive actions, highlighting a critical need to bridge the gap between knowledge and actual health behaviors.
Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is an important prognosticator amongst patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This paper analysed the effects of SES on ACS outcomes.
Methods: Medline and Embase were searched for articles reporting outcomes of ACS patients stratified by SES using a multidimensional index, comprising at least 2 of the following components: Income, Education and Employment.
Although most of the current evidence on myocardial infarction focuses on obesity, there is growing evidence that patients who are underweight have unfavorable prognosis. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of this population at risk. Embase and Medline were searched for studies reporting outcomes in populations who were underweight with myocardial infarction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The double burden of malnutrition, described as the coexistence of malnutrition and obesity, is a growing global health issue. This study examines the combined effects of obesity and malnutrition on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: Patients presenting with AMI to a percutaneous coronary intervention-capable hospital in Singapore between January 2014 and March 2021 were retrospectively studied.
Article Synopsis
- Malnutrition and obesity are interconnected issues that affect global health, and trends in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths related to both were analyzed using data from 204 countries from 2000 to 2019, with projections up to 2030.
- In 2019, malnutrition-related DALYs were higher in Africa and low SDI countries, while obesity-related DALYs increased annually, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean and middle SDI regions.
- The study predicts that while malnutrition-related DALYs may decrease, the burden of obesity will continue to rise significantly in the coming years, indicating a growing health crisis.
Objective: With rising prevalence of hypertension and obesity, the effect of hypertension in obesity remains an important global issue. The prognosis of the US general population with obesity based on hypertension control was examined.
Methods: This study examined participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018.
Background: A significant proportion of premature deaths globally are related to metabolic diseases in young adults. We examined the global trends and mortality of metabolic diseases in individuals aged below 40 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.
Methods: From 2000 to 2019, global estimates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were described for metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]).
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how common hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) and fibrosis are in patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) and looks at their impact on mortality.
- Among 5,765 patients studied, about 24.8% had hepatic steatosis, with 41.7% of those also having advanced fibrosis, which was linked to higher death rates over an average follow-up of 2.7 years.
- The research concludes that hepatic steatosis and fibrosis are prevalent in post-AMI patients and significantly increase the risk of mortality, suggesting they could be important factors for assessing patient risk alongside traditional factors.
Unlabelled: Early detection and treatment of osteoporosis can help to prevent debilitating fractures in the elderly. The osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians can be used as a screening tool to stratify patients for bone densitometry. It is most cost-effective for post-menopausal women aged 70 and males aged 75.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF