Transtheoretical Model for Exercise: Measure Redevelopment and Assessing the Role of Barriers in a Diverse Population.

Purpose: To redevelop and improve Transtheoretical Model (TTM) exercise measures for Black and Hispanic/Latinx adults. The redeveloped scales will address barriers to exercise potentially relevant to populations of color in the United States (US).

Design: Cross-sectional, split-half measure development.

Sex and race/ethnicity specific reference predictive equations for abdominal adiposity indices using anthropometry in US adults.

Background And Aims: Abdominal adiposity indices have stronger associations with cardiometabolic risk factors compared to anthropometric measures but are rarely used in large scale studies due to the cost and efficiency. The aim of this study is to establish sex and race/ethnicity specific reference equations using anthropometric measures.

Methods And Results: A secondary data analysis (n = 6589) of healthy adults was conducted using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018.

The Demographic Specific Abdominal Fat Composition and Distribution Trends in US Adults from 2011 to 2018.

Despite the rising awareness of abdominal adiposity associated health problems and demographic health disparities, research is lacking about abdominal fat trends using a national representative sample of US adults. Our purpose was to examine national demographic specific abdominal fat composition and distribution trends from 2011 to 2018. This trend analysis was using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data ( = 13,163).

Age-specific trends in health-related quality of life among US adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2016.

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator of population health, yet no age-specific trend analyses in HRQoL have been conducted with a nationally representative sample since 2004. Therefore, to address this gap, an age-specific trend analysis of HRQoL was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data.

Methods: NHANES 2001-2016 data (8 cycles) were examined to evaluate trends in HRQoL by age group (young adults: 21-39, middle-aged: 40-64, older adults: 65+).

Using the immediate blood pressure benefits of exercise to improve exercise adherence among adults with hypertension: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: A single exercise session evokes immediate blood pressure (BP) reductions that persist for at least 24 h, termed postexercise hypotension (PEH). Self-monitoring of PEH may foster positive outcome expectations of exercise, and thus, enhance exercise adherence among adults with hypertension.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of self-monitoring of exercise (EXERCISE) versus exercise and PEH (EXERCISE + PEH) to improve exercise adherence and BP control among adults with hypertension.

National Scouting Combine Scores as Performance Predictors in the National Football League.

Vincent, LM, Blissmer, BJ, and Hatfield, DL. National Scouting Combine scores as performance predictors in the National Football League. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 104-111, 2019-The National Football League (NFL) hosts an annual scouting combine to evaluate the approximately 300 elite college football players who are most likely to be selected in the upcoming NFL draft.

Integrated Primary Care Readiness and Behaviors Scale: Development and validation in behavioral health professionals.

Introduction: Although integrated primary care (IPC) is growing, several barriers remain. Better understanding of behavioral health professionals' (BHPs') readiness for and engagement in IPC behaviors could improve IPC research and training. This study developed measures of IPC behaviors and stage of change.

Trajectories of Maintenance and Resilience in Healthful Eating and Exercise Behaviors in Older Adults.

Objective: Our objective was to describe behavioral change trajectories for healthful eating and exercise in a group of community-dwelling older adults. A secondary aim was to determine predictors of maintenance and resilience.

Method: Subjects were participants in the Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR) I study who had achieved postaction stage of change for at least one behavior by its end.

Baseline Predictors of Singular Action Among Participants With Multiple Health Behavior Risks.

Purpose: Previous studies found that treatment effects can change two behaviors, but not one. This study examined baseline transtheoretical model constructs as three alternative predictors (stage of change, effort, and severity) of singular action among participants with co-occurring health behavior risks.

Design: The study examined participants at risk for three pairs of behaviors (sun and smoking; smoking and diet; and diet and sun).

Transtheoretical Principles and Processes for Adopting Physical Activity: A Longitudinal 24-Month Comparison of Maintainers, Relapsers, and Nonchangers.

This study examined longitudinal differences in use of transtheoretical model (TTM) behavior change constructs in maintainers (who reached and maintained exercise guidelines), relapsers (who reached guidelines, then regressed), and nonchangers (who did not reach guidelines). Data from two population-based TTM-tailored randomized trial intervention groups targeting exercise behavior (N = 1050) were pooled, and analyses assessed differences in TTM constructs between the three groups at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Findings indicated that relapsers tended to use TTM variables similarly to maintainers with the exception of self-efficacy, consciousness raising, and most behavioral processes of change, at 24 months.

Fat Reduction Efforts: A 24-Month Longitudinal Comparison of a Large Sample of Maintainers, Relapsers, and Non-Changers.

This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for dietary fat reduction. This secondary data analysis pooled three large population-based TTM-tailored school, worksite, medical, and home-based intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups organized by longitudinal progress (dynatypes): Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Non-Changers. The criteria for successful change, at the time, were that less than 30% of calories came from fat.

Transtheoretical Model Constructs' Longitudinal Prediction of Sun Protection Over 24 Months.

Purpose: This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for adopting sun protection practices. This secondary data analysis pooled four large population-based TTM-tailored intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups, organized by longitudinal progress: maintainers, relapsers, and stable non-changers.

Methods: A total of 3463 adults, in the USA, who met criteria for unsafe sun exposure at baseline received a TTM-tailored computerized intervention at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Development and Validation of the Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Purpose: Develop and demonstrate preliminary validation of a brief questionnaire aimed at assessing social cognitive determinants of physical activity (PA) in a college population.

Design: Quantitative and observational.

Setting: A midsized northeastern university.

Prevalence of body dissatisfaction among United States adults: review and recommendations for future research.

As the evidence supporting the role of body dissatisfaction (BD) in chronic disease risk factors and health behaviors increases, documenting the prevalence of BD is an essential first step in determining to what degree BD is a public health problem. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to critically evaluate research examining the population prevalence of BD among U.S.

The effect of goal setting on fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity level in a Web-based intervention.

Objective: To explore the relationship between goal setting and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA) in an intervention for college students.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of intervention group participants from a 10-week online intervention with complete weekly data (n = 724). Outcomes (cups of FV per day and minutes of PA per week) and goals for both behaviors were reported online each week.

Baseline transtheoretical and dietary behavioral predictors of dietary fat moderation over 12 and 24 months.

Longitudinal predictors of dietary behavior change are important and in need of study. This secondary data analysis combined primary data across three randomized trials to examine transtheoretical model (TTM) and specific dietary predictors of successful dietary change at 12 and 24 months separately in treatment and control groups (N = 4178). The treatment group received three TTM-tailored print interventions over 12 months between 1995 and 2000.

Treatment-enhanced paired action contributes substantially to change across multiple health behaviors: secondary analyses of five randomized trials.

The dominant paradigm of changing multiple health behaviors (MHBs) is based on treating, assessing, and studying each behavior separately. This study focused on individuals with co-occurring baseline health-risk behavior pairs and described whether they changed over time on both or only one of the behaviors within each pair. Data from five randomized trials of computer-tailored interventions (CTIs) that simultaneously treated MHBs were analyzed.

Multiple behavior interventions to prevent substance abuse and increase energy balance behaviors in middle school students.

This study examined the effectiveness of two transtheoretical model-tailored, computer-delivered interventions designed to impact multiple substance use or energy balance behaviors in a middle school population recruited in schools. Twenty middle schools in Rhode Island including sixth grade students (=4,158) were stratified and randomly assigned by school to either a substance use prevention (decreasing smoking and alcohol) or an energy balance (increasing physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and limiting TV time) intervention group in 2007. Each intervention involved five in-class contacts over a 3-year period with assessments at 12, 24, and 36 months.

Impact of an online healthful eating and physical activity program for college students.

Purpose: To identify impact of an online nutrition and physical activity program for college students.

Design: Randomized, controlled trial using online questionnaires and on-site physical and fitness assessments with measurement intervals of 0 (baseline), 3 (postintervention), and 15 months (follow-up).

Setting: Online intervention delivered to college students; a centralized Web site was used for recruitment, data collection, data management, and intervention delivery.

Validation of the measures of the transtheoretical model for exercise in an adult African-American sample.

Purpose: African-Americans have high rates of physical inactivity-related morbidity and mortality, thus effective interventions to increase exercise are necessary. Tailored interventions show promise, but measures need validation in this population. This study validated transtheoretical model measures for exercise in an African-American sample.

Treated individuals who progress to action or maintenance for one behavior are more likely to make similar progress on another behavior: coaction results of a pooled data analysis of three trials.

Objective: This study compared, in treatment and control groups, the phenomena of coaction, which is the probability that taking effective action on one behavior is related to taking effective action on a second behavior.

Methods: Pooled data from three randomized trials of Transtheoretical Model (TTM) tailored interventions (n=9461), completed in the U.S.

American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise.

The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide guidance to professionals who counsel and prescribe individualized exercise to apparently healthy adults of all ages. These recommendations also may apply to adults with certain chronic diseases or disabilities, when appropriately evaluated and advised by a health professional. This document supersedes the 1998 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand, "The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults.

Anthropometric and behavioral measures related to mindfulness in college students.

Objective: To determine whether mindfulness is associated with physical and behavioral measures in first semester college students.

Participants: Male and female first year college students (n = 75) from the University of Rhode Island.

Methods: Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were assessed and online questionnaires were completed.

Baseline stage, severity, and effort effects differentiate stable smokers from maintainers and relapsers.

This cross-sectional study (N = 4,144) compared three longitudinal dynatypes (Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Smokers) of smokers on baseline demographics, stage, addiction severity, and transtheoretical model effort effect variables. There were significant small-to-medium-sized differences between the Stable Smokers and the other two groups on stage, severity, and effort effect variables in both treatment and control groups. There were few significant, very small differences on baseline effort variables between Maintainers and Relapsers in the control, but not the treatment group.

Identifying clusters of college students at elevated health risk based on eating and exercise behaviors and psychosocial determinants of body weight.

Weight gain and an increase in overweight and obesity in college students raise serious health concerns. Weight management interventions for college-age men and women might be more effective if they were tailored to subgroups of students with similar behavioral and psychosocial characteristics associated with body weight status. The purpose of this study was to use cluster analysis to identify homogenous subgroups of college-aged men and women enrolled in a weight gain prevention study (Project WebHealth) using baseline data collected in 2008.