Behaviour Concerns in Preschool Cardiac Surgery Survivors.

Background: Behaviour concerns (BC) are reported in survivors of complex cardiac surgery (CCSx) with inconsistent evidence about health and demographic variables that impact outcomes.

Methods: A prospective inception-cohort study of infants (without known chromosomal abnormalities) after CCSx from 2001 to 2017 determined Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-II/III) parent rating scales at 4.5 years.

Pre-school neurocognitive and functional outcomes after liver transplant in children with early onset urea cycle disorders, maple syrup urine disease, and propionic acidemia: An inception cohort matched-comparison study.

Background: Urea cycle disorders (UCD) and organic acid disorders classically present in the neonatal period. In those who survive, developmental delay is common with continued risk of regression. Liver transplantation improves the biochemical abnormality and patient survival is good.

Kindergarten-age neurocognitive, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes after liver transplantation at under 6 years of age.

Background: We aimed to describe school-entry age neurocognitive, functional, and HRQL outcomes and their predictors after liver transplant done at age <6 years.

Methods: A prospective cohort of all (n = 69) children surviving liver transplant from 1999 to 2014 were assessed at age 55.4 (SD 7.

Dosage Related Efficacy and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Children With Treatment-Resistant Epileptic Encephalopathy: Preliminary Results of the CARE-E Study.

There is uncertainty regarding the appropriate dose of Cannabidiol (CBD) for childhood epilepsy. We present the preliminary data of seven participants from the Cannabidiol in Children with Refractory Epileptic Encephalopathy (CARE-E) study. The study is an open-label, prospective, dose-escalation trial.

Neurocognitive and functional outcomes at 5 years of age after renal transplant in early childhood.

Background: Clinicians often use information about developmental outcomes in decision-making around offering complex, life-saving interventions in children such as dialysis and renal transplant. This information in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is limited, particularly when ESRD onset is in infancy or early childhood.

Methods: Using data from an ongoing prospective, longitudinal, inception cohort study of children with renal transplant before 5 years of age, we evaluated (1) the risk of adverse neurocognitive and functional outcomes at 5 years of age and (2) predictors of developmental outcomes.

Cannabis for the treatment of paediatric epilepsy? An update for Canadian paediatricians.

The plant produces over 140 known cannabinoids. These chemicals generate considerable interest in the medical research community for their possible application to several intractable disease conditions. Recent reports have prompted parents to strongly consider Cannabis products to treat their children with drug resistant epilepsy.

The protocol for the Cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic encephalopathy (CARE-E) study: a phase 1 dosage escalation study.

Background: Initial studies suggest pharmaceutical grade cannabidiol (CBD) can reduce the frequency of convulsive seizures and lead to improvements in quality of life in children affected by epileptic encephalopathies. With limited access to pharmaceutical CBD, Cannabis extracts in oil are becoming increasingly available. Physicians show reluctance to recommend Cannabis extracts given the lack of high quality safety data especially regarding the potential for harm caused by other cannabinoids, such as Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC).

Neurocognitive outcomes after heart transplantation in early childhood.

Background: Children requiring heart transplantation (HTx) for congenital heart disease (CHD) or failing anatomically normal hearts (CMP) face different challenges pre-HTx. We compared the neurocognitive capabilities in pre-school-age children receiving HTx for CHD vs CMP and determined factors predicting outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected within a prospective multi-provincial project from children who underwent HTx ≤4 years of age between 1999 and 2011.

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome is not Associated with Worse Clinical or Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Than Other Cardiac Pathologies After the Norwood-Sano Operation.

There is evidence to suggest that patients undergoing a Norwood for non-HLHS anatomy may have lower mortality than classic HLHS, but differences in neurodevelopmental outcome have not been assessed. Our objective was to compare survival and neurodevelopmental outcome during the same surgical era in a large, well-described cohort. All subjects who underwent a Norwood-Sano operation between 2005 and 2014 were included.

Screening for language delay after life-saving therapies in term-born infants.

Background: Strong recommendations have been made for the periodic developmental surveillance, screening, and evaluation of children with CHD. This supports similar calls for all at-risk children in order to provide timely, structured early developmental intervention that may improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of screening for language delay after life-saving therapies using the parent-completed vocabulary screen of the language Development Survey, by comparing screening with the individually administered language scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third edition.

Sepsis After Cardiac Surgery Early in Infancy and Adverse 4.5-Year Neurocognitive Outcomes.

Background: We aimed to determine whether sepsis is associated with neurocognitive outcomes 4.5 years after congenital heart disease surgery in early infancy.

Methods And Results: A secondary analysis from a prospective inception cohort included all children having congenital heart disease surgery done at ≤6 weeks of age with cardiopulmonary bypass at the Western Canadian referral center from 1996 to 2009.

Neurocognitive outcomes at kindergarten entry after liver transplantation at <3 yr of age.

This prospective inception cohort study determines kindergarten-entry neurocognitive abilities and explores their predictors following liver transplantation at age <3 yr. Of 52 children transplanted (1999-2008), 33 (89.2%) of 37 eligible survivors had psychological assessment at age 54.

Overestimating neurodevelopment using the Bayley-III after early complex cardiac surgery.

Background: The newest measure of neurodevelopmental outcomes, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III), gives higher-than-expected scores for preterm infants; results after cardiac surgery are unknown.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to report Bayley-III scores after cardiac surgery and compare the results with those of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition (BSID-II) on a subset of the same children.

Methods: In this prospective, inception cohort, neurodevelopmental outcome study after complex cardiac surgery in infants from 2004 to 2007, the Bayley-III was given to 110 survivors (68% boys) at a mean age of 21 months (SD: 4 months).

Outcomes after heart transplantation in children under six years of age.

Background: Survival after heart transplant has improved and more attention is focused on developmental outcomes. We aimed to determine the survival, morbidity, and developmental outcomes of young children after heart transplant.

Methods: All children under 6 years of age having a heart transplant in Edmonton between 1999 and 2006 were included in this inception cohort study.