Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Stage of Breast Cancer at Presentation and Time to Treatment at an Urban Safety-Net Hospital.

Background: COVID-19 disrupted health systems across the country. Pre-pandemic, patients accessing our urban safety-net hospital presented with three-fold higher rates of late-stage breast cancer than other Commission-on-Cancer sites. We sought to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on stage of breast cancer presentation and time to first treatment at our urban safety-net hospital.

United States Medical Licensing Examination step 2 scores do not predict American Board of Neurological Surgery scores: A single-institution experience.

Objectives: The neurosurgery residency match is becoming increasingly competitive, with numerous factors being considered as part of the application. We aim to determine whether USMLE Step 2 scores were a significant predictor of neurosurgery board performance.

Patients And Methods: Residents who entered a neurological surgery residency program at a single academic institution during 2000-2017 provided scores for all ABNS attempts, USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores.

NICU Nurses and Families Partnering to Provide Neuroprotective, Family-Centered, Developmental Care.

The aim of this project was to determine how implementing neuroprotective, family-centered, developmental care interventions would impact the satisfaction of nurses and families compared with traditional care in a NICU. Neuroprotective, family-centered, developmental care is grounded in the principle that optimal health outcomes are accomplished when patients' family members play an active role in contributing emotional, social, and developmental support for their babies. To accomplish this, nurses needed an understanding of the developmental problems associated with high-risk premature infants, fundamentals of neurosensory growth, and how the intrauterine environment protects the infant from the fluctuation of an unstable extrauterine environment.

Research on HIV cure: Mapping the ethics landscape.

In an essay, Karine Dubé and coauthors discuss the ethics of preclinical and clinical studies relevant to achieving an HIV cure.

Disparities in built and natural features of urban parks: comparisons by neighborhood level race/ethnicity and income.

Known associations between the built environment and health outcomes have accelerated research examining racial/ethnic and income disparities in access to parks and other community features that support physical activity. Currently, it cannot be concluded that park characteristics are equal in quantity or condition across areas of disparate race/ethnicity and income composition. This study examined natural and built park characteristics across areas of different race/ethnicity and income composition to identify potential disparities.

Percutaneous retrieval of a jugular catheter fragment from the pulmonary artery of a foal.

A 49-kg (107.8-lb) sexually intact male Arabian foal was evaluated at 3 days of age because of profuse watery diarrhea, anorexia, and signs of abdominal pain. Physical examination findings were unremarkable except for evidence of diarrhea.

Disentangling the pathology of schizophrenia and paraphrenia.

With increasing longevity, the number of older schizophrenic patients is growing. Previous criteria used the age of symptom onset to differentiate between the late manifestations of early-onset schizophrenia and late-onset schizophreniform disorders. Current DSM-IV or ICD 10 nomenclatures do not differentiate between early- and late-onset schizophrenia.

WhiA, a protein of unknown function conserved among gram-positive bacteria, is essential for sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).

The whiA sporulation gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), which plays a key role in switching aerial hyphae away from continued extension growth and toward sporulation septation, was cloned by complementation of whiA mutants. DNA sequencing of the wild-type allele and five whiA mutations verified that whiA is a gene encoding a protein with homologues in all gram-positive bacteria whose genome sequence is known, whether of high or low G+C content. No function has been attributed to any of these WhiA-like proteins.

Forskolin-induced apical membrane insertion of virally expressed, epitope-tagged CFTR in polarized MDCK cells.

Channel gating of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is activated in response to cAMP stimulation. In addition, CFTR activation may also involve rapid insertion of a subapical pool of CFTR into the plasma membrane (PM). However, this issue has been controversial, in part because of the difficulty in distinguishing cell surface vs.

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor abrogates myocardial inflammation but not hypertrophy in cytokine-induced cardiomyopathy.

Background: Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha develop dilated cardiomyopathy. The present study was designed to evaluate therapeutic effects of adenovirus-mediated neutralization of TNF-alpha on this model.

Methods And Results: An adenovirus encoding the 55-kDa TNF receptor-IgG fusion protein (AdTNFRI) was injected intravenously into 6-week-old transgenic mice, which resulted in high levels of TNFRI in both plasma and myocardium.

Duplicated gene clusters suggest an interplay of glycogen and trehalose metabolism during sequential stages of aerial mycelium development in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).

DNA sequencing and operon disruption experiments indicate that the genes glgBI and glgBII, which code for the two developmentally specific glycogen branching enzymes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) each form part of larger duplicated operons consisting of at least four genes in the order pep1-treS-pep2-glgB. The sequences of the TreS proteins are 73% identical (93% similar) to that of an enzyme that converts maltose into trehalose in Pinmelobacter, a distantly related actinomycete; and the Pep1 proteins show relatedness to the alpha-amylase superfamily. Disruptions of each operon have spatially specific effects on the nature of glycogen deposits, as assessed by electron microscopy.

A glgC gene essential only for the first of two spatially distinct phases of glycogen synthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).

By using a PCR approach based on conserved regions of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases, a glgC gene was cloned from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The deduced glgC gene product showed end-to-end relatedness to other bacterial ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases. The glgC gene is about 1,000 kb from the leftmost chromosome end and is not closely linked to either of the two glgB genes of S.

Characterization of spaA, a Streptomyces coelicolor gene homologous to a gene involved in sensing starvation in Escherichia coli.

A Streptomyces coelicolor gene, called spaA, homologous to the stationary phase regulatory gene rspA of Escherichia coli [Huisman and Kolter (1994) Science 265, 537-539], was cloned using the Streptomyces ambofaciens rspA homologue spa2 [Schneider et al. (1993) J. Gen.

Diagnosis and incidence of prion (Creutzfeldt-Jakob) disease: a retrospective archival survey with implications for future research.

Reliable identification of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in the UX has become essential following the suggestion that prion disease in cattle (BSE) might transmit, accidentally, to humans who eat contaminated beef. Recent data suggest that some cases of CJD may be clinically unrecognized; in order to examine this proposal we reviewed all cases of dementia (n = 1000+) collected in the Runwell Hospital Brain Archive between 1964 and 1990. We identified 19 cases of spongiform encephalopathy of which only 11 were diagnosed before death.

Tissue-specific glycogen branching isoenzymes in a multicellular prokaryote, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).

In the overtly differentiated colonies of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), discrete phases of glycogen synthesis are found at the vegetative/aerial mycelium boundary (phase I) and in the immature spore chains at aerial hyphal tips (phase II). We have characterized two S. coelicolor glgB genes encoding glycogen branching enzyme, which are well separated in the genome.

Chromosome 14 linked familial Alzheimer's disease. A clinico-pathological study of a single pedigree.

The clinical features of three affected members of a British pedigree with familial Alzheimer's disease are presented. This pedigree is one of six included in an earlier study which demonstrated linkage to chromosome 14. The individuals were investigated clinically and neuropsychologically, using both PET and MRI over a 4-year period.

Sequence of the essential early region of phi C31, a temperate phage of Streptomyces spp. with unusual features in its lytic development.

The temperate phage phi C31 is the most studied bacteriophage infecting Streptomyces spp., and has been used to develop an extensive and widely used series of cloning vectors. The sequence of 10 kb of phi C31 DNA containing most or all of the essential early genes was determined.

Clinical correlates of postmortem brain changes in schizophrenia: decreased brain weight and length correlate with indices of early impairment.

From a postmortem study of the brains of 56 patients with schizophrenia and 56 controls, 38 cases whose clinical state had been objectively documented in life were examined to determine whether relations existed between features of the illness and postmortem findings. Decreased brain weight was significantly related (p < 0.05) to poor premorbid global function and to poor academic record, and decreased brain length was related to poorer premorbid global function (p < 0.

Induction of beta (A4)-amyloid in primates by injection of Alzheimer's disease brain homogenate. Comparison with transmission of spongiform encephalopathy.

Amyloid plaques, associated with argyrophilic dystrophic neurites, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but no neurofibrillary tangles, were found in the brains of three middle-aged marmoset monkeys that had been injected intracerebrally (ic) 6-7 yr earlier with brain tissue from a patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Such changes were not found in the brains of three age-matched control marmosets. Immunochemically the amyloid plaques and CAA stained with antibody to beta (A4)-protein.

Epilepsy, psychosis, and schizophrenia: clinical and neuropathologic correlations.

This study examines the relationship between epilepsy and psychosis. It compares clinical, EEG, and neuropathologic data from a group of subjects who had both epilepsy and psychosis with similar information from another group of patients who had epilepsy but no evidence of psychotic illness. We examined, blind to clinical diagnosis, gross and microscopic material from whole-brain specimens from 10 patients diagnosed with epilepsy plus schizophrenia-like psychosis, nine subjects diagnosed with epilepsy plus "epileptic psychosis," and 36 individuals with epilepsy (21 from an epileptic colony and 15 from the community at large) who had no history of psychosis (n = 10 + 9 + 21 + 15 = 55).

Evidence for the experimental transmission of cerebral beta-amyloidosis to primates.

The brains of three marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) injected intracerebrally 6-7 years earlier with brain tissue from a patient with early onset Alzheimer's disease were found to contain moderate numbers of amyloid plaques with associated argyrophilic dystrophic neurites and cerebral amyloid angiopathy but no neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques and vascular amyloid stained positively with antibodies to beta (A4)-protein. The brains of three age-matched control marmosets from the same colony did not show these neuropathological features.