The normal 14-18 gestational weeks "parasagittal complex" view of the fetal brain. A 3D transvaginal neurosonographic study.

Objective: To study the early second trimester development of brain hemispheres, lateral ventricles, choroid plexus, and ganglionic eminence/basal ganglia complex (GEBG).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of TVUS 3D volumes of 14-18 gestational weeks (GW) fetuses. Hemispheres were analyzed for wall thickness, choroid plexus extension, GEBG height and length, lamination pattern (intermediate zone and the subplate border, IZ-SP), ventricle height, width, and angle.

Myocardial Function in Fetuses with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate myocardial deformation of left (LV) and right ventricle (RV) using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in fetuses with and without congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center study. Vertical transmission was defined by a positive CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on the amniotic fluid or on the neonate's urine.

Fetal neurosonography as accurate tool for diagnosis of brain involvement in tuberous sclerosis.

Objective: To demonstrate the potential utility of dedicated neurosonography for the diagnosis of fetal brain involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study of fetuses at high risk for tuberous sclerosis complex. Dedicated neurosonographic, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postnatal reports were reviewed.

Malformation of cortical development with abnormal cortex: early ultrasound diagnosis between 14 and 24 weeks of gestation.

Objective: To describe neurosonographic findings diagnostic or highly suggestive of the presence of malformations of cortical development involving the cortex that may be identified before 24 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of fetuses referred for neurosonography, during 2012-2019, with an abnormal cortical or sulcation pattern diagnosed early in the mid trimester. Stored files were analyzed for demographic data, abnormal brain findings, non-central nervous system abnormalities, final diagnosis and postnatal outcome.

A New BCl6 Transcriptional Corepressor Variant Mosaicism in a Fetus with Severe Fetal-Eye Anomalies.

We present the prenatal imaging of a fetus with severe eye anomalies diagnosed as carrying a new variant mosaicism on the BCOR gene.

Early second-trimester three-dimensional transvaginal neurosonography of fetal midbrain and hindbrain: normative data and technical aspects.

Objectives: To provide a detailed description of the sonographic appearance and development of various fetal structures of the midbrain and hindbrain (MBHB) during the early second trimester, and to evaluate the impact of the frequency of the transvaginal sonography (TVS) transducer on the early recognition of these structures.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of three-dimensional volumetric datasets of the MBHB from apparently normal fetuses at 14-19 gestational weeks, acquired by TVS in the midsagittal view through the posterior fontanelle. Using a multiplanar approach, we measured the tectal thickness and length, aqueductal thickness, tegmental thickness and width and height of the Blake's pouch (BP) neck.

A unique brain germinal matrix involvement in cytomegalovirus infected fetuses: A retrospective neurosonographic analysis with outcome correlation.

Objective: To study the clinical significance of brain germinal matrix (GM) changes in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected fetuses.

Method: This is a retrospective analysis. Group A; isolated GM finding, with or without lenticulostriatal vasculopathy (LSV).

Normal cavum veli interpositi at 14-17 gestational weeks: three-dimensional and Doppler transvaginal neurosonographic study.

Objectives: To provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the midline cyst-like fluid collection that is frequently observed on fetal brain ultrasound (US) imaging during the early second trimester represents a normal transient cavum veli interpositi (CVI).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 89 three-dimensional normal fetal brain volumes, acquired by transvaginal US imaging in 87 pregnant women between 14 and 17 gestational weeks. The midsagittal view was studied using multiplanar imaging, and the maximum length of the fluid collection located over (dorsal to) the tela choroidea of the third ventricle was measured.

The early pattern of human corpus callosum development: A transvaginal 3D neurosonographic study.

Objective: To provide an in-vivo description of early corpus callosum (CC) development.

Methods: We reviewed 3D US volumes acquired transvaginally (TVUS) through the anterior fontanelle, between 14 to 17 weeks. The following landmarks were recognized: tela-choroidea (TC), foramina of Moro, early CC and the evolving cavum septi pellucidi.

Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of anterior urethral anomalies.

Objectives: Anterior urethral anomalies (AUA) which present as anterior urethral valve, stenosis or atresia, are a rare cause for congenital urinary tract obstruction. We present our AUA prenatal diagnosis case series.

Methods: Fetuses presenting with prenatal findings suggestive for AUA according to postnatal reported clinical and imaging signs (urinary tract dilatation, dilated bladder, enlarged edematous fetal penis, dilatation of the fetal urethra and diverticula) were followed prospectively.

Ultrasound imaging of the fetal secondary palate: Methodological description of a two-dimensional approach and a case series.

Objective: The study aims to describe our two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound approach to visualize the fetal secondary palate and plot its growth curve and to describe and demonstrate its clinical implementation.

Methods: This is a two parts retrospective study. First, we measured the antero-posterior length of the bony secondary palate, from the soft to hard palate interface (SHPI) line to the alveolar ridge, blindly by two operators during routine scans of low-risk fetuses, and plot a longitudinal growth curve.