Towards interactive AI-authoring with prototypical few-shot classifiers in histopathology.

A vast multitude of tasks in histopathology could potentially benefit from the support of artificial intelligence (AI). Many examples have been shown in the literature and first commercial products with FDA or CE-IVDR clearance are available. However, two key challenges remain: (1) a scarcity of thoroughly annotated images, respectively the laboriousness of this task, and (2) the creation of robust models that can cope with the data heterogeneity in the field (domain generalization).

Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Colorectal Cancer-Comparison between Human Estimation and Automated Assessment.

The tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) has been repeatedly shown to be a prognostic factor for survival prediction of different cancer types. However, an objective and reliable determination of the tumor-stroma ratio remains challenging. We present an easily adaptable deep learning model for accurately segmenting tumor regions in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) of colon cancer patients into five distinct classes (tumor, stroma, necrosis, mucus, and background).

Fast whole-slide cartography in colon cancer histology using superpixels and CNN classification.

Automatic outlining of different tissue types in digitized histological specimen provides a basis for follow-up analyses and can potentially guide subsequent medical decisions. The immense size of whole-slide-images (WSIs), however, poses a challenge in terms of computation time. In this regard, the analysis of nonoverlapping patches outperforms pixelwise segmentation approaches but still leaves room for optimization.

Novel Criteria for Intratumoral Budding with Prognostic Relevance for Colon Cancer and Its Histological Subtypes.

Peritumoral budding and intratumoral budding (ITB) are important prognostic factors for colorectal cancer patients. Scientists worldwide have investigated the role of budding in tumor progression and its prognosis, but guidelines for reliably identifying tumor buds based on morphology are lacking. In this study, next-generation tissue microarray (ngTMA) construction was used for tumor bud evaluation, and highly detailed rule-out annotation was used for tumor definition in pancytokeratin-stained tissue sections.

Mastiha has efficacy in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases through a microRNA-155 Th17 dependent action.

Mastiha is a natural nutritional supplement with known anti-inflammatory properties. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are immune mediated inflammatory diseases that share common pathophysiological features. Mastiha has shown beneficial effects in both diseases.

[Postoperative complications in proximal stomach resection].

During 20 years (1972-1994) the authors carried out proximal resections of the stomach in 106 patients for cancer of proximal part of the stomach extended to the esophagus. Morphological verification data are presented. Total lethality rate made up 20.

[The humeral immunity indices of pleural exudate in the diagnosis and prognosis of the pleural complications after lung operations and chest trauma].

Examination of humoral immunity factors in the pleural exudate was carried out in 49 patients: 15 patients had clotted postoperative hemothorax, 10 patients had bronchial fistulas after pulmonectomy, 24 patients were included in a control group. In patients with clotted postoperative hemothorax a decreased circulating immune complex (CIC) level in the pleural exudate was observed on the 10th-14th days followed by the elevation of the CIC level with a simultaneous increase in the IgA concentration and a decrease in the IgC and IgM concentration. Characteristic of the patients with bronchial fistulas and pleural empyemas was the two-fold increase of the IgA, IgM and IgG level in the pleural exudate as compared with the normal postoperative course.

[Difficulties and errors in diagnosis of intrathoracic adipose tumors].

The authors treated 9 patients with intrathoracic adipose tumors of rare localization. In 4 cases the lipoma arose from the thoracic wall, in 2 directly from the mediastinum, and in another 2 from the pericardium. Lipoma of the lung and, 6 years later, liposarcoma of the diaphragm were removed in one patient.

Late developmental changes of the innervation densities of the myelinated fibres and the outer hair cell efferent fibres in the rat cochlea.

The baso-apical distributions of the myelinated nerve fibres (representative for the inner hair cell afferent fibres) and the outer hair cell efferent fibres were studied during postnatal development of the rat cochlea. The myelinated fibres were counted in the primary osseos spiral lamina from semi-thin sections. The outer hair cell efferent fibres were counted in the tunnel of Corti by means of ultra-thin sections.

Cochlear place-frequency map in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.

In order to determine the place-frequency map of the cochlea in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica, iontophoretic HRP-injections were made at several locations in the ventral cochlear nucleus. Prior to iontophoresis the auditory neurons at these locations were characterized electrophysiologically. The resulting distribution of retrogradely labeled cochlear spiral ganglion cells was analysed by means of a three dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea.

The innervation of the organ of Corti in the rat.

To date our knowledge of the baso-apical distribution of the afferent and efferent nerve fibers innervating the organ of Corti is only fragmentary. This study makes an effort to lay the basis for a comprehensive analysis of cochlear innervation. Using a quantitative electronmicroscopic method, the fiber density of all cochlear fibers along the entire length of the cochlear duct was investigated in adult rats, Rattus norvegicus.

[Diagnostic difficulties and errors in neoplasms of the diaphragm].

During 1972-1990 twelve patients with tumors of the diaphragm were operated upon. Age of the patients was from 39 to 60 years. Nine patients had benign tumors and cysts, 3 patients had malignant tumors.

Structure and function of the cochlea in the African mole rat (Cryptomys hottentotus): evidence for a low frequency acoustic fovea.

The cochlea of the mole rat Cryptomys hottentotus was investigated with physiological and anatomical methods. In order to reveal the place-frequency map of the cochlea, iontophoretic HRP-applications were made in the cochlear nucleus at physiologically characterized locations. Subsequent HRP-transport in auditory nerve fibres and labeling patterns of spiral ganglion cells within the cochlea were evaluated.

The ear in subterranean insectivora and rodentia in comparison with ground-dwelling representatives. I. Sound conducting system of the middle ear.

Compared to acoustically unspecialized mammals (soricids and murids), the middle ear of subterranean insectivores and rodents (twelve species of six families examined) was clearly distinguished and characterized by many common features: rather round and relatively larger eardrum without a pars flaccida; reduced gonial; loose or no connection between the malleus and the tympanic bone; reduced and straightened transversal part of the malleus; enlarged incus; increased and rather flat incudo-mallear joint; rather parallel position of the mallear manubrium and incudal crus longum in some species (and their fusion in bathyergids); reduced or even missing middle ear muscles. Convergent occurrence of these structural features in taxa of different origin and their generally derived character suggest that they cannot be categorized as degenerative. The form of the stapes can be considered as a non-adaptive trait; it was taxon specific yet remarkably polymorphous in some species and exhibited no convergent features among subterranean mammals.

[Rethoracotomies and repeat operations on the lungs].

The article generalizes materials of 148 rethoracotomies. Main complications are described. Grounds are given for the use of perfusion through the xenospleen at the early postoperative period in order to liquidate the coagulated haemothorax mainly after pulmonectomy.

Postnatal development of the rat organ of Corti. II. Hair cell receptors and their supporting elements.

The development of cochlear receptor cells and their supporting elements was studied by means of semi-thin and ultra-thin sections during the first postnatal weeks in the rat. The temporal and spatial patterns of the receptor cell development were investigated between the 4th and 24th days after birth. At approx.

Postnatal development of the rat organ of Corti. I. General morphology, basilar membrane, tectorial membrane and border cells.

The development of the rat organ of Corti was studied during the first postnatal weeks. The temporal and the spatial patterns of cochlear development were investigated between 4 and 24 days after birth by means of semi-thin sections at approx. ten equidistant positions along the entire cochlear duct.