TPP-chitosomes as potential encapsulation system to protect carotenoid-rich extract obtained from carrot by-product: A comparison with liposomes and chitosomes.

The objectives of this study were to extract bioactive compounds from carrot by-products and evaluate their chemical stability after encapsulation in liposomes (L) coated either with chitosan (Ch) or using sodium tripolyphosphate for chitosan complexation (TPP-Ch). The main compounds quantified in this study were carotenoids and total phenolic compounds, which reached encapsulation efficiencies higher than 75%. The TPP-Ch charged with carrot extract showed greater particle size (90.

Soybean straw nanocellulose produced by enzymatic or acid treatment as a reinforcing filler in soy protein isolate films.

This work is a comparative study of the application of mercerized soybean straw (MSS) and nanocellulose produced by acid (CNCs) or enzymatic hydrolysis (CNFs) as reinforcing fillers in soy protein isolate (SPI) films. CNCs presented average dimensions of about 10 nm-thick and 300 nm-long with a crystallinity index of 57%, whereas CNFs have similar diameters, though with greater lengths (>1 μm), lower crystallinity index (50%) and greater thermal stability. Incorporation of 5% of CNCs and CNFs (g/100 g of SPI) improved the SPI film tensile strength by 38 and 48% respectively, and decreased the SPI film elongation at break when compared to control films.

Chemical treatment and characterization of soybean straw and soybean protein isolate/straw composite films.

This work investigated changes in the chemical composition and structure of soybean straw (SS) treated with alkali (NaOH 5% and 17.5%) and bleached with hydrogen peroxide (HO) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Removal of the amorphous constituents increased the degree of crystallinity and the content of cellulose fibers particularly after reaction with high concentrations of alkali.