[Tuberculosis: Analysis of the history and development of multiple antibiotic resistance].

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has accompanied humanity for the last three thousand years and is considered the oldest infectious disease that still exists. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus was spread worldwide due to human migrations, and there is archaeological evidence of spinal tuberculosis cases in Egyptian and Andean mummies, as well as texts that attributed the disease to social factors before suspecting its infectious nature. Throughout its history, humans have dealt with this pathology by developing unusual and ineffective therapies, leading to a significant increase in the disease's mortality.

Effect of Nicotine on Pulmonary Pathogenic Bacteria.

Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly enhances susceptibility to bacterial infections by inducing physiological and structural alterations, including immune system dysregulation. This exposure also augments bacterial virulence including biofilm formation, leading to severe infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Notably, cigarette smoke exposure increases the incidence of pneumonia by up to 2.

The Repurposing of FDA-Approved Drugs as FtsZ Inhibitors against : An In Silico and In Vitro Study.

Unlabelled: (Mtb), the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Furthermore, the growing evolution to multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains requires de novo identification of drug targets for evaluating candidates or repurposing drugs. Hence, targeting FtsZ, an essential cell division protein, is a promising target.

Metformin modulates corticosteroids hormones in adrenals cells promoting Mycobacterium tuberculosis elimination in human macrophages.

Research suggests that both tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an immuno-endocrine imbalance characterized by dysregulated proinflammatory molecules and hormone levels (high cortisol/DHEA ratio), impeding an effective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) driven by cytokines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and androgens like DHEA. Insulin, sulfonylurea derivatives, and metformin are commonly used glucose-lowering drugs in patients suffering from TB and T2DM. For this comorbidity, metformin is an attractive target to restore the immunoendocrine mechanisms dysregulated against Mtb.

Antiparasitic Evaluation of Aquiluscidin, a Cathelicidin Obtained from , and the Vcn-23 Derivative Peptide against , and .

Babesiosis is a growing concern due to the increased prevalence of this infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites, affecting various animals and humans. With rising worries over medication side effects and emerging drug resistance, there is a notable shift towards researching babesiacidal agents. Antimicrobial peptides, specifically cathelicidins known for their broad-spectrum activity and immunomodulatory functions, have emerged as potential candidates.

Drug repositioning identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors that promote innate immunity in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available. Herein, we report that molecules for binding to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibit its activity, thus increasing the innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria. The action of HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) was explored in a model of type II pneumocytes and macrophages infection by .

Acute Kidney Injury in the Context of COVID-19: An Analysis in Hospitalized Mexican Patients.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a considerable proportion of patients developed a severe condition that included respiratory failure, shock, or multiple organ dysfunction. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has been recognized as a possible cause of severe COVID-19 development. Given this, this study investigates the occurrence and consequences of AKI in Mexican patients to contribute to better knowledge and management of this problem.

Adverse Health Effects of the Long-Term Simultaneous Exposure to Arsenic and Particulate Matter in a Murine Model.

PM and arsenic are two of the most hazardous substances for humans that coexist worldwide. Independently, they might cause multiple organ damage. However, the combined effect of PM and arsenic has not been studied.

Shedding light on vitamin D in tuberculosis: A comprehensive review of clinical trials and discrepancies.

Over the past few decades, there has been extensive research on the use of vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. In vitro studies have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms by which vitamin D activates the immune response to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These encouraging findings have spurred clinical investigations globally to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D as a preventive measure and as an adjunctive treatment for tuberculosis.

Clinical Significance of the Lipid Profile Ratios and Triglyceride Glucose Index in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathophysiological condition defined by a set of metabolic alterations such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, low HDL-c levels, and visceral obesity. Its presence identifies people with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes; however, the lack of practical and reliable methods for its diagnosis limits the identification of people with this condition. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic utility of markers derived from the lipid profile [triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the ratios total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG)/HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-c, fasting blood glucose (FBG)/HDL-c, and white blood cell/HDL-c] in the determination of MetS.

A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin.

Metformin (MET) and atorvastatin (ATO) are promising treatments for COVID-19. This review explores the potential of MET and ATO, commonly prescribed for diabetes and dyslipidemia, respectively, as versatile medicines against SARS-CoV-2. Due to their immunomodulatory and antiviral capabilities, as well as their cost-effectiveness and ubiquitous availability, they are highly suitable options for treating the virus.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors- based drugs are effective to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and promote the sensibility for rifampicin in MDR strain.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, which has been aggravated by the alarming growth of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Therefore, the development of a safer and more effective treatment is needed.

Objectives: The aim of this work was repositioning and evaluate histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors- based drugs with potential antimycobacterial activity.

Increased IL-12p70 and IL-8 Produced by Monocytes in Response to spp. and spp. Causals of Endodontic Primary Infections.

We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3. Facultative anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from radicular conducts and peripheral blood samples, which were taken from patients with primary infections. Cellular cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with and without spp.

Nicotine promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth and overexpression of virulence genes.

Tobacco consumption increases the susceptibility to develop infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). Nicotine (Nc) is the main component of cigarette smoke with immunomodulatory properties, however, its effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been scarcely investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of nicotine on the growth of Mtb and on the induction of virulence-related genes.

cell-wall and antimicrobial peptides: a mission impossible?

(Mtb) is one of the most important infectious agents worldwide and causes more than 1.5 million deaths annually. To make matters worse, the drug resistance among Mtb strains has risen substantially in the last few decades.

Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Newcastle Disease Virus Strain P05 in a Breast Cancer Mouse Model.

Purpose: Conventional therapies and surgery remain the standard treatment for breast cancer. However, combating the eventual development of metastasis is still a challenge. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the various species of viruses under clinical evaluation as a vector for oncolytic, gene-, and immune-stimulating therapies.

Bioinformatic prediction of the molecular links between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are chronic degenerative diseases with complex molecular processes that are potentially interconnected. The aim of this work was to predict the potential molecular links between AD and DM2 from different sources of biological information.

Materials And Methods: In this work, data mining of nine databases (DisGeNET, Ensembl, OMIM, Protein Data Bank, The Human Protein Atlas, UniProt, Gene Expression Omnibus, Human Cell Atlas, and PubMed) was performed to identify gene and protein information that was shared in AD and DM2.

Downregulation of sCD40 and sCTLA4 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities.

The aim of this study was to analyze molecules associated with regulatory immune response in unvaccinated, recovered COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). We determined anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG in plasma by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The levels of sCD40, TGF-ß, IL-10, and sCTLA-4 were assessed by ELISA in the serum of the subjects, as well as in healthy donors.

Compartmentalized Innate Immune Response of Human Fetal Membranes against Choriodecidual Infection.

An infectious process into the uterine cavity represents a major endangered condition that compromises the immune privilege of the maternal-fetal unit and increases the risk for preterm birth (PTB) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Fetal membranes are active secretors of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which limit bacterial growth, such as . Nevertheless, the antibacterial responses displayed by chorioamniotic membranes against a choriodecidual infection have been briefly studied.

Nicotine associates to intracellular inducing genes related with resistance to antimicrobial peptides.

Tobacco consumption is related to an increased risk to develop tuberculosis. Antimicrobial peptides are essential molecules in the response to () because of their direct antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that nicotine enters into infected epithelial cells and associates with the mycobacteria inducing genes related to antimicrobial peptides resistance.

Are Host Defense Peptides and Their Derivatives Ready to be Part of the Treatment of the Next Coronavirus Pandemic?

The term host defense peptides arose at the beginning to refer to those peptides that are part of the host's immunity. Because of their broad antimicrobial capacity and immunomodulatory activity, nowadays, they emerge as a hope to combat resistant multi-drug microorganisms and emerging viruses, such as the case of coronaviruses. Since the beginning of this century, coronaviruses have been part of different outbreaks and a pandemic, and they will be surely part of the next pandemics, this review analyses whether these peptides and their derivatives are ready to be part of the treatment of the next coronavirus pandemic.

Novel antimicrobial cecropins derived from O. curvicornis and D. satanas dung beetles.

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing global problem and therapeutic alternatives to traditional antibiotics are needed. Antimicrobial and host defense peptides represent an attractive source for new therapeutic strategies, given their wide range of activities including antimicrobial, antitumoral and immunomodulatory. Insects produce several families of these peptides, including cecropins.

Long-term exposure to particulate matter from air pollution alters airway β-defensin-3 and -4 and cathelicidin host defense peptides production in a murine model.

Epidemiological studies have associated long-term exposure to environmental air pollution particulate matter (PM) with the development of diverse health problems. They include infectious respiratory diseases related to the deregulation of some innate immune response mechanisms, such as the host defense peptides' expression. Herein, we evaluated in BALB/c mice the effect of long-standing exposure (60 days) to urban-PM from the south of Mexico City, with aerodynamic diameters below 2.