Treated wastewater reuse in micro-irrigation: effect of shear stress on biofilm development kinetics and chemical precipitation.

Treated wastewater in micro-irrigation is a promising approach that could be used to decrease the pressure on good quality water resources. However, the clogging of such systems due to biofilm development and chemical precipitation constitute a constraint with the use of treated wastewater (TWW) and lead to lower irrigation system performance. The objective of this work is to study the development of biofilm and composition of fouling due to TWW under shear stresses of 0.

Methodology to Evaluate Dripper Sensitivity to Clogging due to Solid Particles: An Assessment.

Emitter clogging is a major problem in microirrigation systems, which may result from the isolated or combined effects of physical, chemical, and biological agents. Clogging caused by suspended solid particles is the most common plugging form of emitters. Water quality and emitter geometry are key aspects in clogging processes.

Integrated technological and management solutions for wastewater treatment and efficient agricultural reuse in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia.

Mediterranean-African countries (MACs) face a major water crisis. The annual renewable water resources are close to the 500 m /capita threshold of absolute water scarcity, and water withdrawals exceed total renewable water resources by 30%. Such a low water availability curbs economic development in agriculture, which accounts for 86% of freshwater consumption.