The Complete Genome Sequences of 20 Species of African Tetras and Relatives of Families Alestidae, Hepsetidae, and Lepidarchidae (Teleostei: Characiformes).

We present the complete genome sequences of 20 species of African tetras, robbers, and tigerfishes in the families Alestidae, Hepsetidae, and Lepidarchidae. Illumina sequencing was performed on genetic material from wild-caught and aquarium specimens. The reads were assembled using a method followed by a finishing step.

Taxonomic notes on types of Curimatus Oken 1817 (Teleostei: Curimatidae) of the Naturhistorisches Museum of Vienna.

Incorrect catalogue numbers and incomplete information regarding types of Curimatus Oken of the Naturhistorisches Museum of Vienna (NMW) have been successively replicated in the ichthyology literature. Using evidence compiled directly from NMW types and data, this study formally presents the correct type numbers of Curimatus abramoides Kner 1858 (= Cyphocharax) and Curimatus knerii Steindachner 1876 (= Curimata) and clarifies the taxonomic status and availability of types of Curimatus elegans var. amazonica Steindachner 1911, Curimatus helleri Steindachner 1910, Curimatus surinamensis Steindachner 1910, and Curimatus naegelii Steindachner 1881.

Transcranial electrical stimulation modulates emotional experience and metabolites in the prefrontal cortex in a donation task.

Understanding the neural, metabolic, and psychological mechanisms underlying human altruism and decision-making is a complex and important topic both for science and society. Here, we investigated whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) applied to two prefrontal cortex regions, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, anode) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, cathode) can induce changes in self-reported emotions and to modulate local metabolite concentrations. We employed in vivo quantitative MR Spectroscopy in healthy adult participants and quantified changes in GABA and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) before and after five sessions of tDCS delivered at 2 mA for 20 min (active group) and 1 min (sham group) while participants were engaged in a charitable donation task.

Vacuum levitation and motion control on chip.

By isolating from the environment and precisely controlling mesoscopic objects, levitation in vacuum has evolved into a versatile technique that has already benefited diverse scientific directions, from force sensing and thermodynamics to materials science and chemistry. It also holds great promise for advancing the study of quantum mechanics in the unexplored macroscopic regime. However, most current levitation platforms are complex and bulky.

Phylogeographic patterns of Cyphocharax from trans-Andean rivers and northward expansion to lower Central America (Teleostei, Curimatidae).

Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data of 31 specimens of Cyphocharax from trans-Andean rivers support the presence of one lineage of Cyphocharax aspilos in Lago Maracaibo and three cryptic lineages of Cyphocharax magdalenae: (1) Cauca-Magdalena and Ranchería, (2) León and Atrato, and (3) Chucunaque-Tuira, Santa María, and Chiriquí basins of Central America. Results suggest that the Serranía del Perijá facilitated Late Miocene cladogenetic events, whereas post-Isthmian C. magdalenae expansion was enabled by gene flow across the lower Magdalena valley and Central American lowlands.

An acute bout of resistance exercise increases BDNF in hippocampus and restores the long-term memory of insulin-resistant rats.

A sedentary lifestyle, inadequate diet, and obesity are substantial risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. A major picture of T2DM is insulin resistance (IR), which causes many impairments in brain physiology, such as increased proinflammatory state and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration, hence reducing cognitive function. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological tool for managing T2DM/IR and its complications.

Carbamoylase-based impedimetric electronic tongue for rapid detection of paralytic shellfish toxins.

Phytotoxins produced by marine microalgae, such as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), can accumulate in bivalve molluscs, representing a human health concern due to the life-threatening symptoms they cause. To avoid the commercialization of contaminated bivalves, monitoring programs were established in the EU. The purpose of this work is the implementation of a PST transforming enzyme-carbamoylase-in an impedimetric test for rapid simultaneous detection of several carbamate and N-sulfocarbamoyl PSTs.

IL-23 stabilizes an effector T cell program in the tumor microenvironment.

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a proinflammatory cytokine mainly produced by myeloid cells that promotes tumor growth in various preclinical cancer models and correlates with adverse outcomes. However, as to how IL-23 fuels tumor growth is unclear. Here, we found tumor-associated macrophages to be the main source of IL-23 in mouse and human tumor microenvironments.

Cortical folding correlates to aging and Alzheimer's Disease's cognitive and CSF biomarkers.

This manuscript presents the quantification and correlation of three aspects of Alzheimer's Disease evolution, including structural, biochemical, and cognitive assessments. We aimed to test a novel structural biomarker for neurodegeneration based on a cortical folding model for mammals. Our central hypothesis is that the cortical folding variable, representative of axonal tension in white matter, is an optimal discriminator of pathological aging and correlates with altered loadings in Cerebrospinal Fluid samples and a decline in cognition and memory.

The regeneration conferring transcription factor complex ERF115-PAT1 coordinates a wound-induced response in root-knot nematode induced galls.

The establishment of root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) induced galls in the plant host roots likely involves a wound-induced regeneration response. Confocal imaging demonstrates physical stress or injury caused by RKN infection during parasitism in the model host Arabidopsis thaliana.

T cell-specific P2RX7 favors lung parenchymal CD4 T cell accumulation in response to severe lung infections.

CD4 T cells are key components of the immune response during lung infections and can mediate protection against tuberculosis (TB) or influenza. However, CD4 T cells can also promote lung pathology during these infections, making it unclear how these cells control such discrepant effects. Using mouse models of hypervirulent TB and influenza, we observe that exaggerated accumulation of parenchymal CD4 T cells promotes lung damage.

Chronic supplementation of noni in diabetic type 1-STZ rats: effects on glycemic levels, kidney toxicity and exercise performance.

Noni is a fruit with potential medicinal use preventing elevated blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. Its effects have been attributed to an antioxidant property in several other diseases. However, the effects of noni-chronic supplementation on exercise performance in the presence of diabetes conditions are not known.

Molecular species delimitation and description of a new species of (Teleostei, Characidae) from the southern Amazon basin.

is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily Characinae with 23 valid species broadly distributed in riverine systems of South America. Despite the taxonomic diversity of the genus, little has been advanced about its molecular diversity. A recent molecular phylogeny indicated the presence of undescribed species within that is formally described here.

A novel soybean hairy root system for gene functional validation.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has long been explored as a versatile and reliable method for gene function validation in many plant species, including soybean (Glycine max). Likewise, detached-leaf assays have been widely used for rapid and mass screening of soybean genotypes for disease resistance. The present study combines these two methods to establish an efficient and practical system to generate transgenic soybean hairy roots from detached leaves and their subsequent culture under ex vitro conditions.

Pyruvate kinase M2 mediates IL-17 signaling in keratinocytes driving psoriatic skin inflammation.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by IL-17. However, the molecular mechanism through which IL-17 signaling in keratinocytes triggers skin inflammation remains not fully understood. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a glycolytic enzyme, has been shown to have non-metabolic functions.

Reward modality modulates striatal responses to reward anticipation in ADHD: Effects of affiliative and food stimuli.

Altered reward sensitivity has been proposed to underlie symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported hypoactivation to reward-predicting cues in the ventral striatum among individuals with ADHD, using experimental designs with and without behavioral response requirements. These studies have typically used monetary incentives as rewards; however, it is unclear if these findings extend to other reward types.

The multigenerational effects of clothianidin on Chironomus xanthus: Larvae exposed to this acetylcholine super agonist show no clear resistance.

Clothianidin (CLO) is an insecticide belonging to the second-generation class of neonicotinoids. In this study, we evaluated how CLO affects the survival and the complete life cycle of the tropical insect Chironomus xanthus, a non-target species, considering the Parental (P) and Filial (F1) generations. We found a 48 h-lethal concentration (LC) of CLO of 3.

Morphological, cellular, and molecular basis of brain infection in COVID-19 patients.

Although increasing evidence confirms neuropsychiatric manifestations associated mainly with severe COVID-19 infection, long-term neuropsychiatric dysfunction (recently characterized as part of "long COVID-19" syndrome) has been frequently observed after mild infection. We show the spectrum of cerebral impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, ranging from long-term alterations in mildly infected individuals (orbitofrontal cortical atrophy, neurocognitive impairment, excessive fatigue and anxiety symptoms) to severe acute damage confirmed in brain tissue samples extracted from the orbitofrontal region (via endonasal transethmoidal access) from individuals who died of COVID-19. In an independent cohort of 26 individuals who died of COVID-19, we used histopathological signs of brain damage as a guide for possible SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and found that among the 5 individuals who exhibited those signs, all of them had genetic material of the virus in the brain.

Late Outcomes of Elective Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in a Tertiary Low-Volume Hospital in Brazil.

Background: The aim of this study is to report early and long-term results of elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in a tertiary low-volume hospital in Brazil.

Methods: Between October 2006 and May 2017, 120 patients underwent elective EVAR for infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The interventions were reviewed retrospectively, focusing on 30-day mortality, long-term survival, and freedom from reintervention.

Phylogenomic analysis of the Neotropical fish subfamily Characinae using ultraconserved elements (Teleostei: Characidae).

Characinae is one of the most species-rich subfamilies of Characidae and holds special taxonomic importance because it includes Charax, type-genus of Characidae and Characiformes. Currently, the monophyly and the hypotheses of intergeneric and interspecific relationships of Characinae are based on a few morphological and molecular studies but all with low species coverage. Given their diversity, taxonomic importance, and the lack of a taxon-dense phylogeny, we sought to buttress the systematic understanding of Characinae collecting DNA sequence data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) of the genome from 98 specimens covering 57 species (61%) plus 17 characiforms as outgroups.

Biogeography of curimatid fishes reveals multiple lowland-upland river transitions and differential diversification in the Neotropics (Teleostei, Curimatidae).

The Neotropics harbors a megadiverse ichthyofauna comprising over 6300 species with approximately 80% in just three taxonomic orders within the clade Characiphysi. This highly diverse group has evolved in tropical South America over tens to hundreds of millions of years influenced mostly by re-arrangements of river drainages in lowland and upland systems. In this study, we investigate patterns of spatial diversification in Neotropical freshwater fishes in the family Curimatidae, a species-rich clade of the order Characiformes.

Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study.

We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks.

Pyramiding dsRNAs increases phytonematode tolerance in cotton plants.

Host-derived suppression of nematode essential genes decreases reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in cotton. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) represent one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematode genera worldwide. RNAi-mediated suppression of essential nematode genes provides a novel biotechnological strategy for the development of sustainable pest-control methods.