NbCl -Promoted Synthesis of Fluorescein Dye Derivatives: Spectroscopic and Spectrometric Characterization and Their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Fluorescein has several applications owing to its properties, such as high molar absorptivity, high fluorescence quantum yield, high photostability, and wavelengths of absorption and emission in the visible region. The syntheses of fluorescein derivatives between phenol and anhydride derivatives by using NbCl as a Lewis acid is described. The products have high yields and short reaction times are observed.