Influence of heat on miscibility of Quillaja saponins in mixtures with a co-surfactant.

Thermal treatment of mixed surfactant systems can have a major impact on their phase behavior through modified interactions between the surfactants. In this study, we investigated the miscibility behavior of aqueous binary surfactant systems composed of Quillaja saponin extract and sodium caseinate, pea protein, rapeseed lecithin, or egg lecithin at different concentration ratios (0-5% w/v) at pH3, 5, and 7 upon heat treatment (25-75°C). The results revealed that the heat-treated Quillaja saponin-sodium caseinate mixtures at pH7 remained miscible when the ratio of Quillaja saponins was equal or higher to the ratio of caseinate, otherwise the mixtures flocculated due to increased hydrophobic interactions.

Miscibility of Quillaja Saponins with other Co-surfactants under Different pH Values.

The miscibility behavior of mixed surfactant systems and the influence of extrinsic parameters are crucial for their application as emulsifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the miscibility behavior of mixed systems composed of commercial Quillaja saponin and a co-surfactant, namely sodium caseinate, pea protein, rapeseed lecithin, or egg lecithin. These mixtures were evaluated macro- and microscopically at different concentration ratios (maximum concentration 5% w/v) at pH 3, 5, and 7 at 25 °C.

Influence of encapsulated functional lipids on crystal structure and chemical stability in solid lipid nanoparticles: Towards bioactive-based design of delivery systems.

We investigated the influence of physicochemical properties of encapsulated functional lipids--vitamin A, β-carotene and ω-3 fish oil--on the structural arrangement of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The relationship between the crystal structure and chemical stability of the incorporated bioactive lipids was evaluated with different emulsifier compositions of a saponin-rich, food-grade Quillaja extract alone or combined with high-melting or low-melting lecithins. The major factors influencing the structural arrangement and chemical stability of functional lipids in solid lipid dispersions were their solubility in the aqueous phase and their crystallization temperature in relation to that of the carrier lipid.

Influence of surfactant composition on physical and oxidative stability of Quillaja saponin-stabilized lipid particles with encapsulated ω-3 fish oil.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a saponin-rich extract of Quillaja saponaria to replace bile salts in the surfactant formulations for stabilization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). The influence of Quillaja extract and/or high-melting lecithin at different concentrations on physical and oxidative stability was evaluated in (i) NLC containing tristearin and ω-3 fish oil, (ii) ω-3 fish oil-in-water emulsion, and (iii) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) containing tristearin. Best physical, polymorphic and oxidative stability of NLC were achieved with a surfactant combination of 2.