Design of a New Vaccine Prototype against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), and Based on Multiple Antigens Microencapsulation with Sulfated Chitosan.

This work evaluated in vivo an experimental-multivalent-vaccine (EMV) based on three Porcine Respiratory Complex (PRC)-associated antigens: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), (Mhyop) and (Mhyor), microencapsulated with sulfated chitosan (M- ChS + PRC-antigens), postulating chitosan sulphate (ChS) as a mimetic of the heparan sulfate receptor used by these pathogens for cell invasion. The EMV was evaluated physicochemically by SEM (Scanning-Electron-Microscopy), EDS (Energy-Dispersive-Spectroscopy), Pdi (Polydispersity-Index) and zeta potential. Twenty weaned pigs, distributed in four groups, were evaluated for 12 weeks.

Sarcopenia in a mice model of chronic liver disease: role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and oxidative stress.

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength produced by aging or secondary to chronic diseases such as chronic liver disease (CLD). Although not all types of sarcopenia involve the same features, the most common are decreased fiber diameter and myosin heavy chain (MHC) levels, increased activity of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we aim to characterize the development of sarcopenia secondary to CLD induced by the hepatotoxin 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC).