Post-COVID-19 respiratory sequelae two years after hospitalization: an ambidirectional study.

Background: COVID-19 lung sequelae can impact the course of patient lives. We investigated the evolution of pulmonary abnormalities in post-COVID-19 patients 18-24 months after hospital discharge.

Methods: A cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP in São Paulo, Brazil, between March and August of 2020, were followed-up 6-12 months after hospital discharge.

Post-COVID-19 condition: systemic inflammation and low functional exercise capacity.

Introduction: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is characterised by a plethora of symptoms, with fatigue appearing as the most frequently reported. The alterations that drive both the persistent and post-acute disease newly acquired symptoms are not yet fully described. Given the lack of robust knowledge regarding the mechanisms of PCC we have examined the impact of inflammation in PCC, by evaluating serum cytokine profile and its potential involvement in inducing the different symptoms reported.

Adaptive multi-interventional trial platform to improve patient care for fibrotic interstitial lung diseases.

Background: Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of lung diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a large increase in the number of clinical trials in the last 10 years, current regulatory-approved management approaches are limited to two therapies that prevent the progression of fibrosis. The drug development pipeline is long and there is an urgent need to accelerate this process.

Small airways morphological alterations associated with functional impairment in lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare neoplastic and cystic pulmonary disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of the so-called LAM cells. Despite the functional obstructive pattern observed in most patients, few studies investigated the morphological changes in the small airways, most of them in patients with severe and advanced LAM undergoing lung transplantation. Understanding the morphological changes in the airways that may occur early in the disease can help us understand the pathophysiology of disease progression and understand the rationale for possible therapeutic approaches, such as the use of bronchodilators.

Organizing pneumonia and COVID-19.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is an interstitial lung disease, and can be cryptogenic, if no cause is identified, or secondary to several conditions. COVID-19-induced persistent inflammation can be associated with interstitial lung disease. We present a review of literature of OP and COVID-19-induced OP with an illustrative case.

Tomographic pleuropulmonary manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis: a pictorial essay.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory and heterogeneous disease that affects several systems, especially the joints. Among the extra-articular manifestations of RA, pleuropulmonary involvement occurs frequently, with different presentations, potentially in all anatomic thoracic compartments, and may determine high morbidity and mortality. The most common pleuropulmonary manifestations in patients with RA include interstitial lung disease (ILD), pleural disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, rheumatoid lung nodules, airway disease (bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis), and lymphadenopathy.

Long-term respiratory follow-up of ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Prospective cohort study.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors exhibit multisystemic alterations after hospitalization. Little is known about long-term imaging and pulmonary function of hospitalized patients intensive care unit (ICU) who survive COVID-19. We aimed to investigate long-term consequences of COVID-19 on the respiratory system of patients discharged from hospital ICU and identify risk factors associated with chest computed tomography (CT) lesion severity.

Clinical, radiological, and transbronchial biopsy findings in patients with long COVID-19: a case series.

This brief communication demonstrates the correlation of persistent respiratory symptoms with functional, tomographic, and transbronchial pulmonary biopsy findings in patients with COVID-19 who had a long follow-up period. We report a series of six COVID-19 patients with pulmonary involvement who presented with persistent dyspnea within 4-15 months of discharge. We performed transbronchial biopsies, and the histopathological pattern consistently demonstrated peribronchial remodeling with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.