Penile injection of aedile silicone: A dangerous shortcut.

Introduction: The size of penis can cause concern in patients, even if the organ is clinically normal. Additionally, the cost of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (iPDE5) and long waiting lists to access penile prosthesis placement can lead patients to resort to non-medical and potentially dangerous alternatives. One of these dangerous alternatives is the injection of building silicone at the level of the subcutis of the penis or the corpora cavernosa causing the formation of a granuloma that increases the girth and consistency of the penis.

De Novo Bladder Urothelial Neoplasm in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective, Multicentered Study.

Background And Objectives: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have a 2- to 7-fold risk of developing a neoplasm compared to general population. Bladder urothelial neoplasms in this cohort has an incidence of 0.4-2%.

Miliary pulmonary infection after BCG intravesical instillation: a rare, misdiagnosed and mistreated complication.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy decreases the progression risk of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but potentially yields a broad spectrum of side effects. We report the case of a 73-year-old man affected by miliary pulmonary BCG infection, whose microbiological diagnosis was probably hindered by empiric fluoroquinolones, focusing on imaging and clinical work-up.

Role of perioperative dynamic sentinel node biopsy for cN0 penile cancer management: experience from an Italian tertiary referral center.

Purpose: Inguinal lymphadenectomy (iLAD) reduces mortality in patients with cN0 penile cancer but yields high complication rates. Thus, its prophylactic role has been questioned and dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) was introduced to select men who should undergo the procedure. Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of a contemporary DSNB cohort.

The effects of glomerular and tubular renal progenitors and derived extracellular vesicles on recovery from acute kidney injury.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and renal stem/progenitors improve the recovery of acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly through the release of paracrine mediators including the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several studies have reported the existence of a resident population of MSCs within the glomeruli (Gl-MSCs). However, their contribution towards kidney repair still remains to be elucidated.

Beta-2-glycoprotein-1 and alpha-1-antitrypsin as urinary markers of renal cancer in von Hippel-Lindau patients.

Context: Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) is a rare inherited neoplastic syndrome. Among all the VHLD-associated tumors, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major cause of death.

Objective: The aim of this paper is the discovery of new non-invasive biomarker for the monitoring of VHLD patients.

A Single-center Analysis on the Learning Curve of Male-to-Female Penoscrotal Vaginoplasty by Multiple Surgical Measures.

Objective: To asses and quantify the learning curve (LC) of the penoscrotal inversion flap vaginoplasty (PSV).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of 69 patients who underwent PSV from January 2005 to January 2015. Two validated methods were used: a scatterplot representation and a splitting group.

H2AX phosphorylation level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as an event-free survival predictor for bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) has a typical aetiology characterized by a multistep carcinogenesis due to environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and their interaction. Several lines of evidence suggest that DNA repair plays a role in the development and progression of BC. In particular, the study of individual susceptibility to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) may provide valuable information on BC risk, and help to identify those patients at high-risk of either recurrence or progression of the disease, possibly personalizing both surveillance and treatment.

Sentinel lymph node detection during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: current evidence and results of our experience.

Purpose: A sentinel lymph node (SNL) is the primary landing zone of cancer cells that spreads through the lymphatic vessels. The rational of the detection of sentinel node (SLN) during radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) is the removal of the first nodal stations to provide a restriction of the template of node dissection. A review of the outcomes of SNL detection during RP for PCa was performed.

Role of HLA-G and extracellular vesicles in renal cancer stem cell-induced inhibition of dendritic cell differentiation.

Background: Tumor immune-escape has been related to the ability of cancer cells to inhibit T cell activation and dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. We previously identified a tumor initiating population, expressing the mesenchymal marker CD105, which fulfills the criteria for definition as cancer stem cells (CD105(+) CSCs) able to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that favor tumor progression and metastases. The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of renal CSCs and derived EVs to modulate the behavior of monocyte-derived DCs with a non-tumor initiating renal cancer cell population (CD105(-) TCs) and their EVs.

Subcapsular Hematoma Causing Anuria After Renal Graft Trauma.

A 67-year-old man presented to the emergency department 22 hours after a trauma to his kidney graft. He was asymptomatic during the first 10 hours, then he became anuric. His serum creatinine level was 2.

Urological consequences following renal transplantation: a review of the literature.

Renal transplant (RT) represents the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but harbours a wide range of possible complications and therapeutic challenges of urological competence. Dialysis years and clinical medical background of these patients are risk factors for sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). On the contrary, RT itself may have a number of possible surgical complications such as ureteral stenosis and urinary leakage, while immunosuppressive treatment is a known risk factor for de-novo malignancies.

Sexual function after surgical treatment for penile cancer: Which organ-sparing approach gives the best results?

Introduction: We compared the postoperative sexual function of patients who underwent wide local excision (WLE) and glansectomy with urethral glanduloplasty for penile cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 41 patients affected by superficial, localized penile cancer (≤cT2a) between 2006 and 2013. Patients with severe erectile dysfunction and not interested in resuming an active sexual life were selected for penile partial amputation.

A randomized double-blind placebo controlled phase I-II study on clinical and molecular effects of dietary supplements in men with precancerous prostatic lesions. Chemoprevention or "chemopromotion"?

Background: Antioxidants effectiveness in prostate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention has been severely questioned, especially after the recent results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial. We present the results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial (dbRCT) on the pharmacokinetic, clinical, and molecular activity of dietary supplements containing lycopene, selenium, and green tea catechins (GTCs) in men with multifocal high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mHGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP).

Methods: From 2009 to 2014, we conducted a dbRCT including 60 patients with primary mHGPIN and/or ASAP receiving daily lycopene 35 mg, selenium 55 µg, and GTCs 600 mg, or placebo for 6 months.

[Female incontinence surgery: state of the art].

Female urinary incontinence represents a medical and social problem with huge impact regarding both patient's quality of life and social costs. The diagnosis is important for therapeutic choice and should consider some factors: the degree of urethral mobility, urodynamics parameters, patient's will and expectations, information about surgical complications and risks. Nowadays suburethral sling evolution and bulking therapy for selected cases consent to perform miniinvasive surgery; the most relevant problem concerns the management of postoperative complications: in this sense autologous slings are used after urethrolisis.

Shorter leukocyte telomere length is independently associated with poor survival in patients with bladder cancer.

Background: Shorter telomere length (TL) has been reported to be associated with increased risk of early death in elder individuals. Telomere shortening has been also related to chromosomal instability, which may possibly contribute to the development of several types of digestive or urogenital system cancers and smoking-related tumors. Therefore, we investigated the impact of TL on bladder cancer survival.

Prognostic factors and risk groups in T1G3 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients initially treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: results of a retrospective multicenter study of 2451 patients.

Background: The impact of prognostic factors in T1G3 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BCa) patients is critical for proper treatment decision making.

Objective: To assess prognostic factors in patients who received bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as initial intravesical treatment of T1G3 tumors and to identify a subgroup of high-risk patients who should be considered for more aggressive treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Individual patient data were collected for 2451 T1G3 patients from 23 centers who received BCG between 1990 and 2011.

[Sperm collection for medically assisted procreation in azoospermic patients].

Infertility is defined as the inability of a sexually active non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in one year.
 Factors of male infertility are present in 50% of infertile couples.
 Azoospermia is defined as the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, even after centrifugation of the sample, and affects 10%-15% of the infertile male population.

Oral mucosa harvest for urologic reconstruction: role of maxillofacial surgeon and donor-site morbidity evaluation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present retrospective analysis of our experience regarding complications associated with the donor site after oral mucosa harvest for urethral reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: Between May 2010 and January 2013, a total of 18 patients with recurrent urethral strictures received a buccal mucosal graft for urethral reconstruction at the San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin. All operations were performed in a 2-team approach.

A rare case of primary mantle cell lymphoma of the prostate: clinical aspects and open problems.

A case of primary prostate involvement by mantle-cell lymphoma diagnosed at the time of transvesical adenomectomy is reported. Diagnostic difficulties and clinical outcome are also presented. The possibility of prostate involvement by malignant lymphomas, albeit rare, should be considered in any case of histological evidence of dense prostate lymphoid infiltrate in patients with lower urinary tract obstruction, and should be highly suspected in patients with prior history of systemic lymphoma.