γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B signaling drives glioblastoma in females in an immune-dependent manner.

Sex differences in immune responses impact cancer outcomes and treatment response, including in glioblastoma (GBM). However, host factors underlying sex specific immune-cancer interactions are poorly understood. Here, we identify the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a driver of GBM-promoting immune response in females.

The missing link? LGMN connects hypoxia and immunosuppression in glioblastoma.

In this issue, Pang and colleagues identify the protease legumain as a potential immunotherapy target in glioblastoma that drives tumor-associated macrophages in response to hypoxia.