In vitro evaluation of the influence of ultrasonic activation on physicochemical properties of three endodontic repair materials.

The influence of ultrasonic activation (UA) on the physicochemical properties of setting time (n = 5), volumetric stability (n = 10), alkalizing activity/calcium ions release (pH/Ca) (n = 10) and calcium/phosphate-rich substance formation in simulated body fluid (Hank's balanced salt solution; HBSS) of three cements was evaluated: white MTA-Angelus (MTA), MTA Repair HP (MTAHP) and Biodentine (BIO). It was observed that UA influenced the setting times (min) distinctly, delaying the initial setting time of MTA (40.8/64.

Influence of Different Apical Foramen Morphologies on the Accuracy of Four Electronic Foramen Locators.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX II (RZX), Raypex 6 (RAY), EPex Pro (EPEX), and CanalPro (CNP) electronic foramen locators (EFLs) in different foraminal morphologies (fully formed foramen, immature foramen with parallel walls, and immature foramen with divergent walls); this article also evaluated the influence of different penetration levels (0.0 mm and -1.0 mm).

Evaluation of Foraminal Enlargement with Thermally Treated Nickel-Titanium Systems.

Aim And Objective: To evaluate morphologic changes in the main foramen after enlargement with four different systems.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and twenty canals (buccal of maxillary molars and mesial of mandibular molars) with patency and apical foramen ≤200 µm were included. These apical foramina were photographed and then randomly divided into four experimental groups, according to the ProDesign Logic (PDL), ProDesign R (PDR), twisted file adaptive (TFA), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) systems, all of which were composed of three sequential instruments (Glidepath, #25 and #35).

Biological and antimicrobial properties of the association Ambroxol and a water-soluble viscous liquid as a vehicle for a tricalcium silicate-based sealer.

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and biological properties of Ambroxol associated with glycerin (GLI), propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a possible vehicle for an experimental tricalcium silicate sealer, with the intention of developing a new biomaterial. Mouse undifferentiated dental pulp cells (OD-21) were cultured, and the effects of different association on cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production were investigated. Antimicrobial adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to setting sealers at 2 h was evaluated.

Evaluation of foramen locating accuracy of an endodontic motor integrated with electronic foramen employing optimal glide path kinematics.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the auto apical function in the maintenance of the apical limit of instrumentation during glide path procedures when associated to OGP kinematics of Tri Auto ZX2, compared to the continuous rotation of the same motor, as well as Root ZX II and VDW Gold.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight extracted human mandibular single-rooted premolars were selected. After endodontic access, cervical pre-flaring was performed using size 30, 0.

Durability of Two R-Phase Rotary Systems used in the Mechanical Instrumentation of Dilacerated Root Canals.

Aim: This study was aimed to analyze, through an test, the durability of two rotary systems used in curved root canals of extracted molars.

Materials And Methods: At first, 150 upper and lower molars were selected, presenting curvature at least in one of the root canals. They underwent access cavity and radiographed with a # 15 file into the canal to determine their maximum curvatures, classified as schneider.

Influence of ultrasonic agitation on bond strength, marginal adaptation, and tooth discoloration provided by three coronary barrier endodontic materials.

Objectives: The effect of ultrasonic agitation (UA) on bond strength and adaptation of cervical plugs prepared with MTA Angelus (MTA), MTA Repair HP (MTAHP), and Biodentine (BIO) was evaluated. Dentin discoloration caused by the materials/treatment was also assessed.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-two single rooted teeth were divided into six groups depending on the materials/treatment.

Evaluation of Influence of Widening Apical Preparation of Root Canals on Efficiency of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Agitation Protocols: Study by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of widening the apical root canal preparation (RCP) on the efficiency of different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) agitation protocols on smear layer removal: EDTA; EDTA + Easy Clean in rotary movement (ECROT); EDTA + Easy Clean in reciprocating movement (ECREC); and EDTA + Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 mandibular premolars had their crowns sectioned and then were divided into two groups according to widening: size 25 or 40, 0.08 taper.

Comparisons by microcomputed tomography of the efficiency of different irrigation techniques for removing dentinal debris from artificial grooves.

Aim: The aim of this study was compare the capacity of different irrigation protocols for debris removal from artificial grooves and assess the effectiveness of Easy Clean used in different kinematics by means of micro-CT.

Methodology: Fifty acrylic prototyped maxillary incisors were instrumented and included in a muffle. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned, and a longitudinal groove was made on the inner surface of the root canal in one of hemisections, and the dentin debris was inserted into the grooves.

The Influence of Humidity on Intra-tubular Penetration and Bond Strength of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex: An In Vitro Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of humidity on the intra-tubular penetration, bond strength and failure mode associated with AH Plus (AH) and MTA Fillapex (MTAF) sealers.

Methods: For this analysis, an apparatus was created to maintain the humidity of the specimens. Sixty bovine single-rooted teeth with similar anatomy were used.

Root ZX Electronic Foramen Locator: An Ex Vivo Study of Its Three Models' Precision and Reproducibility.

Although Root ZX is considered the gold standard electronic foramen locator (EFL), two variations of this device were launched, however without different operating mechanisms. This investigation aims to evaluate the precision of Root ZX (RZX), Root ZX II (RII), and Root ZX Mini (RM) EFLs. After access cavity preparation, 32 mandibular single rooted human premolars had their real length measured with the aid of a #15 K-type manual file under magnification (25x).

Removal of Separated Endodontic K-File with the Aid of Hypodermic Needle and Cyanoacrylate.

A wide range of accidents might happen during the treatment of the root canal system, where the instrument separation is one of the most unpleasant occurrences. Several techniques have been developed to facilitate the removal of the fragments; however, they generally require specific devices that not always are available to the clinician. The aim of this case report is to present a simple alternative technique to remove from the root canals manual instruments fractured during the treatment.

Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Accuracy of Electronic Foramen Locators in Root Canals with an Obstructed Apical Foramen.

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of electronic foramen locators (EFLs), Root ZX II (RZX; J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan), Propex II (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and Apex ID (AID; SybronEndo, Glendora, CA), in root canals with an obstructed apical foramen (OAF) and to compare them with those 1.0 mm short of the apical foramen (AF; -1.

An ex vivo comparison of root canal length determination by three electronic apex locators at positions short of the apical foramen.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of working length determination of 3 electronic apex locators (EALs): Root ZX, RomiApex D-30, and Ipex at 0.0 mm, at the apical foramen (AF), and at 1.0 mm short of the AF.

Evaluation of pH and calcium ion release of new root-end filling materials.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pH and calcium ion release of 6 materials used for root-end filling and perforation repair.

Study Design: Gray ProRoot MTA, gray MTA-Angelus, white MTA-Angelus, and CPM were compared to 2 experimental ones: MTA-exp, also based in Portland cement with a modified mixing liquid, and MBPc, an epoxy-resin based cement containing calcium hydroxide. After 3, 24, 72, and 168 hours the water in which each sample had been immersed was tested to determine the ph and calcium ion release.

Alveolar mucosa necrosis induced by utilisation of calcium hydroxide as root canal dressing.

This case demonstrates the ability of calcium hydroxide to cause connective tissue necrosis. A patient with a history of trauma exhibited a large area of external inflammatory root resorption affecting the cervical and middle thirds of tooth 12. After root canal cleaning, a calcium hydroxide root canal dressing was applied to control the resorption process.

Cleaning ability of chlorhexidine gel and sodium hypochlorite associated or not with EDTA as root canal irrigants: a scanning electron microscopy study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (CHX) compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) associated or not with 17% EDTA used as irrigants during the biomechanical preparation. Fifty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with complete apex formation were randomly divided into five groups: G1 - sterile saline, G2 - 2.