GUT MICROBIOTA, PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES: PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT MEETING OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY (SBH), BRAZILIAN NUCLEUS FOR THE STUDY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND MICROBIOTA (NBEHPM), AND BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (FBG).

Over the last years, there is growing evidence that microorganisms are involved in the maintenance of our health and are related to various diseases, both intestinal and extraintestinal. Changes in the gut microbiota appears to be a key element in the pathogenesis of hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and Clostridium difficile - associated diarrhea. In 2019, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) in cooperation with the Brazilian Nucleus for the Study of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota (NBEHPM), and Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) sponsored a joint meeting on gut microbiota and the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.

Immunological deficiencies: more frequent than they seem to be.

Objective: A review article was carried out, addressing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of immune system deficiencies, which are associated with or predispose to recurrent infectious processes, autoimmune diseases, auto inflammatory diseases, or neoplasms, and which are classified as inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and secondary immunodeficiencies (SID). Emphasis was placed on the classification of the main signs and symptoms for each organ and system, which will serve as warning signs, to guide the pediatrician in the investigation of the main IEI. In addition, the main secondary changes in the immune system triggered by infections (with emphasis on COVID-19), drugs, chronic diseases, metabolic and nutritional disorders were identified.

Systematic review about 10 interventions in dermatitis. A document from the Latin American Society of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology.

The Latin American Society of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (SLAAI) conducted a systematic search in the Medline and LILACS' database in order to get articles linked to 10 current questions about dermatitis. The assessment of the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations was made through the GRADE system. The completeness and transparency of the recommendations for this clinical guide were assessed with the AGREE Reports Verification Checklist.

New quantitative method to measure the Hill-Sachs lesion: validation of Hardy's radiographic method for MRI/AMRI.

Objective: To validate Hardy's radiographic method for magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance arthrography (MRI/MRA) in the assessment of Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) involvement in patients with a history of anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 53 shoulder radiographs and MRI/MRA to compare the measurements of HSL through Hardy's radiographic method. Imaging exams used in the study were conducted between the March 2013 AND September 2015.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, QUALITY OF LIFE AND BODY IMAGE OF CANDIDATES TO BARIATRIC SURGERY.

Background: Physical activity enhances quality of life and body image in obese. Behavioural changes are useful tools to increase life conditions of this population.

Aim: To evaluate the physical activity level of candidates to bariatric surgery and its relation with quality of life and body image, when patients are encouraged weekly by personal trainers.

Extruded upper first molar intrusion: Comparison between unilateral and bilateral miniscrew anchorage.

Objective: The aim of his study was to evaluate the stress on tooth and alveolar bone caused by orthodontic intrusion forces in a supraerupted upper molar, by using a three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM).

Methods: A superior maxillary segment was modeled in the software SolidWorks 2010 (SolidWorks Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA) containing: cortical and cancellous bone, supraerupted first molar, periodontal tissue and orthodontic components. A finite element model has simulated intrusion forces of 4N onto a tooth, directed to different mini-screw locations.

Polymerization Efficacy Affects the Long-term Mini-interfacial Fracture Toughness.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the type and concentration of photo-initiator on the long-term bonding efficacy to dentin in terms of mini-interfacial fracture toughness (mini-iFT).

Materials And Methods: The bonding efficacy of the one-step self-etch (SE) adhesive Clearfil S3 Bond Plus and four derivative experimental adhesives (Leuven University Bond [LUB]), which were similar in composition except for the (co)photo-initiators (all prepared by Kuraray Noritake), containing 2.0 wt% camphorquinone (CQ) and 2.

Mini-interfacial fracture toughness as a new validated enamel-bonding effectiveness test.

Unlabelled: Today׳s most commonly applied bonding effectiveness tests are criticized for their high variability and low reliability, the latter in particular with regard to measuring the actual strength of the adhesive interface.

Objectives: in continuation of previous research conducted at dentin, we hereby aimed to validate the novel mini-interfacial fracture toughness (mini-iFT) test on its applicability to assess bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives when bonded to enamel.

Methods: The 3-step etch&rinse (E&R) adhesive OptiBond FL (Kerr), the 2-step self-etch (SE) adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake) and the two multi-mode adhesives Clearfil S(3) Bond Plus (Kuraray Noritake) and Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE), both used following a 2-step E&R and 1-step SE mode, were applied to clinically relevant, flattened enamel surfaces.

Short fibre-reinforced composite for extensive direct restorations: a laboratory and computational assessment.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) applied in combination with a conventional filler composite (CFC) on the fatigue resistance, fracture strength, failure mode and stress distribution, for restorations of premolars under two loading angles.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two inferior premolars received extensive cavities with removal of the lingual cusp. Teeth were restored directly using 'FRC (EverX Posterior, GC) + CFC (G-aenial, GC)' or 'CFC only' and received two fatigue/fracture loadings at two different angles (0°/45°) (n = 8).

Biomechanical Behavior of Extensively Restored Premolars: Cusp Deformation, Marginal Integrity, and Fracture Resistance.

Purpose: To study the biomechanical behavior of extensively restored premolars by determining the effect of the composite type, presence of cusp weakening, and compressive loading on the cusp deformation (CD), marginal integrity (MI), and fracture resistance (FR) of directly restored premolars.

Materials And Methods: Forty premolars received Class II mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities and were divided into 4 groups (n = 10) in accordance with the two study variables: composite type (conventional: Filtek Z250 XT [Z250], 3M ESPE; low shrinkage: Venus Diamond [VD], Heraeus-Kulzer) and the presence of cusp weakening (with/without). Cusp deformation upon restoration was assessed using strain gauges during the restorative procedure and thereafter when the restorations were subjected to an occlusal load of 100 N.

Effect of punch and orifice base sizes in different push-out test setups: stress distribution analysis.

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of punch and base orifice diameters on push-out test results by means of finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials And Methods: FEA was performed using 3D models of the push-out test with 3 base orifice diameters (2.5, 3.

Microtensile bond strength of methacrylate and silorane resins to enamel and dentin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of two substrates (enamel and dentin) considering two study factors: type of composite resin [methacrylate-based (Filtek Supreme) or silorane-based (Filtek LS)] and aging time (24 h or 3 months). Twenty human molars were selected and divided into 2 groups (n=10) considering two dental substrates, enamel or dentin. The enamel and dentin of each tooth was divided into two halves separated by a glass plate.

Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in adolescents: nine-year follow-up study (2003-2012).

Objective: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in adolescents (AD; 13-14 years) living in seven Brazilian cities, by applying the standardized written questionnaire (WQ) of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), and to evaluate the time trend nine years after the last assessment of ISAAC phase 3 (ISP3).

Methods: The ISAAC-WQ was answered by 20,099 AD from the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions. Values obtained were compared to those observed in ISP3 using nonparametric (chi-squared or Fisher) tests, and the ratio of annual increment/decrement was established for each of the centers, according to the symptom assessed.

Influence of chlorhexidine on dentin adhesive interface micromorphology and nanoleakage expression of resin cements.

This study focused on adhesive interface morphologic characterization and nanoleakage expression of resin cements bonded to human dentin pretreated with 1% chlorhexidine (CHX). Thirty-two non-carious human third molars were ground flat to expose superficial dentin. Resin composite blocks were luted to the exposed dentin using one conventional (RelyX ARC) and one self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U100), with/without CHX pretreatment.

Using a fiber-reinforced composite fixed partial denture to restore a missing posterior tooth: a case report.

With the advent of new adhesive technologies, fiber-reinforced composite fixed partial dentures (FRC-FPDs) have become an inexpensive, esthetic and useful restorative option for patients missing a single tooth. This article describes a case involving an inlay-retained FRC-FPD with a prefabricated fiber-reinforced pontic substructure. In addition, a 6-year follow-up is presented.

A complete esthetic approach with multiple diastemata in anterior teeth: 1-year follow-up.

Anterior diastemata and discolored teeth may interfere with the harmony of a person's smile. This article presents a case involving multidisciplinary intervention for esthetic treatment utilizing integrated microabrasion, dental bleaching, and restorative solutions. The relevant aspects of etiology and treatment planning are discussed.

Relation of severe deficiency of vitamin D to cardiovascular mortality during acute coronary syndromes.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk for a first cardiovascular event in the general population, possibly because of inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohumoral activation. However, its relation with outcomes in acute coronary syndromes has not been reported. To test the hypothesis that severe deficiency of vitamin D is independently associated with cardiovascular mortality during ACS, 206 patients admitted for unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction had 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels measured at admission.

Spectral polarimetry technique as a complementary tool to ellipsometry of dielectric films.

Ellipsometry is a highly sensitive optical technique for coating characterization but usually presents multiple solutions in many cases. To prevent these, a method with addition of a spectral polarimetric technique is proposed. An initial film dispersion curve, independently of its physical thickness, is then provided using the same setup as spectral ellipsometry and at the same sample position, which later is used for thickness determination and dispersion refinement with increase of reliability of results.

Calcaneal chondroblastoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst: a case report.

We present a case of destructive chondroblastoma associated with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst involving the left calcaneus. Because of the extensive destruction of the calcaneus, total calcanectomy was the treatment of choice.

Metastatic parachordoma.

Tumors traditionally classified as parachordomas are rare, usually indolent, soft tissue neoplasms. This case report describes a 6-year-old girl with a mass in her left forearm measuring 11 x 6 cm. Foci of moderate nuclear atypia and various areas of necrosis were found in the tumor.

[Phadiatop in the diagnosis of respiratory allergy in children: Allergy Project--PROAL].

Objectives: To evaluate the positivity of Phadiatop in children from several Brazilian pediatric allergology centers and to compare its results with the presence of serum specific IgE to inhalant and food allergens.

Patients And Method: Phadiatop and serum specific IgE levels (RAST) to inhalant and food allergens (UniCAP - Pharmacia) were measured in 457 children from several pediatric allergy centers and in a non-allergic control group (n = 62), distributed across five age groups.

Results: Phadiatop was positive in 305 atopic children (67.