Polyolefin waste to light olefins with ethylene and base-metal heterogeneous catalysts.

The selective conversion of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and mixtures of these two polymers to form products with high volume demand is urgently needed because current methods suffer from low selectivity, produce large quantities of greenhouse gases, or rely on expensive, single-use catalysts. The isomerizing ethenolysis of unsaturated polyolefins could be an energetically and environmentally viable route to propylene and isobutylene; however, noble-metal homogeneous catalysts and an unsaturated polyolefin are currently required and the process has been limited to PE. We show that the simple combination of tungsten oxide on silica and sodium on gamma-alumina transforms PE, PP, or a mixture of the two, including postconsumer forms of these materials, to propylene or a mixture of propylene and isobutylene in greater than 90% yield at 320°C without the need for dehydrogenation of the starting polyolefins.

Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Aqueous Ammonia and Hydroxide Base Enabled by Ligand Development.

The conversion of aryl halides to primary arylamines with a convenient and inexpensive source of ammonia has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. Aqueous ammonia would be the most convenient and least expensive form of ammonia, but such a palladium-catalyzed amination reaction with a high concentration of water faces challenges concerning catalyst stability and competing hydroxylation, and palladium-catalyzed reactions with this practical reagent are rare. Further, most reactions with ammonia to form primary amines are conducted with -butoxide base, but reactions with ammonium hydroxide would contain hydroxide as base.

Chemical Modification of Oxidized Polyethylene Enables Access to Functional Polyethylenes with Greater Reuse.

Polyethylene is a commodity material that is widely used because of its low cost and valuable properties. However, the lack of functional groups in polyethylene limits its use in applications that include adhesives, gas barriers, and plastic blends. The inertness of polyethylene makes it difficult to install groups that would enhance its properties and enable programmed chemical decomposition.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: The effects of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection on clinical outcomes, including relapse risk, have been insufficiently explored in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of new neurologic symptoms or symptom recrudescence among PwMS who received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, characterize outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and assess MS-specific determinants of vaccine hesitancy.

Methods: Online surveys that assessed incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination status/type, reasons for vaccine deferral, and postvaccination symptoms were administered to PwMS.

Delayed Improvement of Left Ventricular Function in Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure Depends on Etiology-A PROLONG-II Substudy.

In patients with newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), three months of optimal therapy are recommended before considering a primary preventive implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). It is unclear which patients benefit from a prolonged waiting period under protection of the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) to avoid unnecessary ICD implantations. This study included all patients receiving a WCD for newly diagnosed HFrEF ( = 353) at our center between 2012 and 2017.

Extended follow-up after wearable cardioverter-defibrillator period: the PROLONG-II study.

Aim: The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) is used for temporary protection from sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction before considering an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). However, the prognostic significance of the WCD remains controversial due to conflicting evidence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prognosis of patients receiving life-saving WCD shocks.

Preventive Interventions for Young Adults in Nightlife: Coproduction for a Systematic Literature Assessment Followed by a Stakeholder Dialogue Process.

Introduction: The nightlife-associated illicit drug and alcohol use presents diverse problems and includes different areas. In the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, young adults in the nightlife setting were recently set as a priority group for preventive interventions.

Method: Based on the predefined protocol, we systematically collated evidence on preventive interventions regarding young adults' use of alcohol and illicit drugs in nightlife.

Pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes with in-utero antiepileptic agent exposure. A pilot study.

Objective: To assess pregnancy outcomes on women exposed to monotherapy with antiepileptic agents.

Methods: Questionnaires were sent to women with epilepsy in our practice who were pregnant between 2006 and 2011. 62/86 patients (72%) who responded were on monotherapy.

A simple contact mapping algorithm for identifying potential peptide mimetics in protein-protein interaction partners.

A simple, static contact mapping algorithm has been developed as a first step at identifying potential peptide biomimetics from protein interaction partner structure files. This rapid and simple mapping algorithm, "OpenContact" provides screened or parsed protein interaction files based on specified criteria for interatomic separation distances and interatomic potential interactions. The algorithm, which uses all-atom Amber03 force field models, was blindly tested on several unrelated cases from the literature where potential peptide mimetics have been experimentally developed to varying degrees of success.

Valproic acid in normal therapeutic concentration has no neuroprotective or differentiation influencing effects on long term expanded murine neural stem cells.

The antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) has shown neuroprotective effects in different cell types including mesencephalic neural primary cultures. Furthermore, an influence on neural differentiation and neurite outgrowth has been described. Nevertheless, results in this regard are contradictory and data on long term expanded neural stem cells are missing.

Magnetic-guided percutaneous coronary intervention enabled by two-dimensional guidewire steering and three-dimensional virtual angioscopy: initial experiences in daily clinical practice.

Aims: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been broadly established and often includes highly complex stenoses that require difficult navigation. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of a new magnetic navigation system (MNS) to enable intracoronary guidewire deployment and PCI in daily clinical practice and to compare the 2D guidance to the virtual 3D angioscopy feature.

Methods And Results: We included 30 consecutive patients (pt) in whom 36 coronary arteries were PCI targets.

[Clinical value of dual source computerized tomography in primary diagnosis of coronary heart disease].

Unlabelled: Dual-source-CT-technology (DSCT) improves temporal resolution of cardiac computed tomography to 83 ms per heart-phase. In this study, the clinical performance of this new method is evaluated.

Materials And Methods: In fifty patients (33 male, 17 female; age 50 +/- 13 years) with suspected coronary heart disease, CT angiography (slice thickness 0.

[Interventional treatment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease phenotypically expressed in the general population at about 0.2%. Annual mortality rate is about 1% in unselected patients, 3-6% in patients with severe symptoms, and 17% following resuscitation from ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries: imaging with contrast-enhanced, multidetector computed tomography.

The objective of this study is to evaluate multidetector CT (MDCT) in detecting and characterizing anomalous coronary arteries. Forty-four patients with anomalies of the coronaries were selected from a total of 1758 individuals examined with ECG-gated 4- and 16-row MDCT including thinMIP, MPR and VRT post-processing. Twenty-eight patients showed origin and course anomalies of the central coronary segments, and in this subgroup 13 were judged as "malignant" because of interarterial courses between the aortic root and the pulmonary trunk, either of the right coronary artery (n=11) or the left coronary artery (n=2).

Colocalization of dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialoprotein at late stages of rat molar development.

Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are acidic proteins found in the extracellular matrices of bones and teeth. Recent data from gene knockouts, along with those of gene mutations, indicate that these two phosphoproteins are critical for bone and tooth development and/or maintenance. However, the precise functions of the two proteins have not been elucidated.

Detection of dentin sialoprotein in rat periodontium.

Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA indicates that dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a precursor of both dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Dentin sialophosphoprotein must be proteolytically processed to form these two extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Numerous studies led us to conclude that DSP (and DSPP) are exclusively expressed by odontoblasts and preameloblasts.

Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in detecting high-grade coronary stenoses in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Background: The MDCT systems with electrocardiographic (ECG)-gating permit visualization of the coronary arteries. However, severe calcifications and higher heart rates are known to degrade image quality and limit correct diagnosis.

Dentin sialoprotein in bone and dentin sialophosphoprotein gene expressed by osteoblasts.

Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) are expressed as a single mRNA transcript. This transcript codes for a large precursor protein termed dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). DSP, DPP, and DSPP have been considered to be tooth-specific.

Dentin extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins: comparison to bone ECM and contribution to dynamics of dentinogenesis.

Dentinogenesis involves the initial odontoblastic synthesis of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) and predentin that is converted to dentin when the collagen fibrils become mineralized. Since the width of predentin is rather uniform, we postulate that extracellular events regulate dentinogenesis. Similarly, osteogenesis involves an initial unmineralized osteoid that is mineralized and converted to bone.

Evidence for the proteolytic processing of dentin matrix protein 1. Identification and characterization of processed fragments and cleavage sites.

Full-length cDNA coding for dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) has been cloned and sequenced, but the corresponding complete protein has not been isolated. In searching for naturally occurring DMP1, we recently discovered that the extracellular matrix of bone contains fragments originating from DMP1. Shortened forms of DMP1, termed 37K and 57K fragments, were treated with alkaline phosphatase and then digested with trypsin.

Dentin sialoprotein isoforms: detection and characterization of a high molecular weight dentin sialoprotein.

Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a glycoprotein accounting for 5-8% of the dentin non-collagenous proteins. The cDNA sequence predicts that rat DSP has 13 potential casein kinase phosphorylation sites and six potential N-linked glycosylation sites. However, its total phosphorylation level, as well as the nature and locations of the carbohydrate moieties, are unknown.

Extracellular matrix proteins and the dynamics of dentin formation.

Dentinogenesis involves controlled reactions that result in conversion of unmineralized predentin to dentin when apatite crystals are formed. This process is dynamic: Maturation events occur within predentin beginning at the proximal layer and progressing to the predentin-dentin (PD) border. One type of controlled reaction is the proteolytic processing of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) to dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), by cleavage of at least three highly conserved peptide bonds.

The expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein gene in bone.

Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) are expressed as a single mRNA transcript coding for a large precursor protein termed dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). DSP, DPP, and DSPP have been considered to be tooth-specific. To test for the expression of the dspp gene in bone, we performed Western immunoblots and reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR).

[Multi-slice CT of aortocoronary venous bypasses and mammary artery bypasses: evaluation of bypasses and their anastomoses].

Objective: To assess aortocoronary grafts and internal mammary artery bypasses by means of EKG-triggered contrast-enhanced multi-slice spiral CT, and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this new imaging modality.

Material And Methods: 59 patients with up to 5 aortocoronary grafts and/or internal mammary artery bypasses per patient were examined with regard to bypass morphology, the free passage, and the proximal as well as the distal anastomoses using multislice computed tomography. Axial source images were calculated by means of retrospective triggering at different diastolic delay times, and were postprocessed in several planes with the multiplanar volume reconstruction (MPVR) software.