Omega-3 fatty acids reduce triglycerides and have several positive effects on different organs and systems. They are also found in the plasma membrane in variable amounts in relation to genetics and diet. However, it is still unclear whether omega-3 supplementation can reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACEs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as important agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT2 inhibitors have been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes, not only through their immediate hemodynamic effects-such as glycosuria and (at least temporary) increased natriuresis-but also due to their multifaceted impact on metabolism. Recently, studies have also focused on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on adipose tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of robust Early Warning Signals (EWSs) is necessary to quantify the risk of crossing tipping points in the present-day climate change. Classically, EWSs are statistical measures based on time series of climate state variables, without exploiting their spatial distribution. However, spatial information is crucial to identify the starting location of a transition process and can be directly inferred by satellite observations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: A number of studies have suggested that pancreatic α cells produce intact GLP-1, thereby constituting a gut-independent paracrine incretin system. However, the debate on whether human α cells contain intact GLP-1 and whether this relates to the presence of diabetes is still ongoing. This study aimed to determine the presence of proglucagon-derived peptides, including GLP-1 isoforms, in pancreas biopsies obtained during partial pancreatectomy from metabolically profiled human donors, stratified according to pre-surgery glucose tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Outcomes for children with heart disease improved over the past decades. Quality improvement (QI) research in paediatric cardiac critical care is a key driver of improvement. The availability and variability of QI research across the field is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Health care workers in intensive care units have a high propensity to develop burnout syndrome.
Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between occupational stress and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in health care workers in intensive care units.
Methods: The sample consisted of 133 intensivists from the city of Colatina, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Objective: It is unclear how extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use varies across paediatric cardiac surgical programmes and how it relates to post-operative mortality. We aimed to determine hospital-level variation in post-operative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and its association with case-mix adjusted mortality.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 37 hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium clinical registry from 1 August 2014 to 31 December 2019.
Purpose: Physical exercise is a key component in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy glucose metabolism even in healthy subjects. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of a single bout of aerobic physical exercise on glucose metabolism in young, moderately active, healthy adults.
Methods: We performed an OGTT 7 days before and 24 h after a single bout of physical exercise, to evaluate 1-hour post-load plasma glucose and surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.
We report the first double-differential neutrino-argon cross section measurement made simultaneously for final states with and without protons for the inclusive muon neutrino charged-current interaction channel. The proton kinematics of this channel are further explored with a differential cross section measurement as a function of the leading proton's kinetic energy that extends across the detection threshold. These measurements use data collected with the MicroBooNE detector from 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Children who undergo cardiac surgery may require postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Although morbidities are considerable, our understanding of outcome determinants is limited. We evaluated associations between patient and perioperative factors with outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present a first search for dark-trident scattering in a neutrino beam using a dataset corresponding to 7.2×10^{20} protons on target taken with the MicroBooNE detector at Fermilab. Proton interactions in the neutrino target at the main injector produce π^{0} and η mesons, which could decay into dark-matter (DM) particles mediated via a dark photon A^{'}.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Previous studies have reported racial disparities in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization in pediatric cardiac patients.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if there was racial/ethnic variation in ECMO utilization and, if so, whether mortality was mediated by differences in ECMO utilization.
Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium clinical registry.
Pancreatic islet isolation is critical for type 2 diabetes research. Although -omics approaches have shed light on islet molecular profiles, inconsistencies persist; on the other hand, functional studies are essential, but they require reliable and standardized isolation methods. Here, we propose a simplified protocol applied to very small-sized samples collected from partially pancreatectomized living donors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is - along with acute pancreatitis - the most frequent cause of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP). Although insulin deficiency is widely accepted as the major feature of DEP, it is still unclear whether diabetes associated with CP is characterized by additional or different functional defects of the insulin secretory machinery. To identify possible functional defects specifically induced by CP, we performed a cross-sectional study in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) comparing patients with and without CP (CP vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver the years, the overall survival of older patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not significantly increased. Although standard cytotoxic therapies that rapidly eliminate dividing myeloblasts are used to induce remission, relapse can occur due to surviving therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Hence, anti-LSC strategies have become a key target to cure AML.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Alterations of the gene (9q34) are recurrent in acute leukemias. Rearrangements of chromosomal band 9q34 targeting this locus can be karyotypically distinct, for example t(6;9)(p22;q34)/, or cryptic, in which case no visible change of 9q34 is seen by chromosome banding.
Methods: We examined 9 cases of acute leukemia with rearrangement by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cycle sequencing/Sanger sequencing to detect which fusion genes had been generated.
We present the first search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) decaying into νe^{+}e^{-} or νπ^{0} final states in a liquid-argon time projection chamber using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector. The data were recorded synchronously with the NuMI neutrino beam from Fermilab's main injector corresponding to a total exposure of 7.01×10^{20} protons on target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: patients are considered particularly prone to cognitive involvement, but no systematic studies of cognitive impairment in patients are available. The aim of this article was to depict in depth the cognitive-behavioral characteristics of a cohort of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) carrying pathogenetic variants followed by an ALS referral center.
Methods: We enrolled all patients with ALS seen at the Turin ALS expert center in the 2009-2021 period who underwent extensive genetic testing and a neuropsychological battery encompassing executive function, verbal memory, language, visual memory, visuoconstructive abilities, attention/working memory, psychomotor speed, nonverbal intelligence, cognitive flexibility, social cognition, and behavior.